Significance of Organizational Behavior

Organizational behavior has routinely been studied since its discovery in the hawthorn study. Research indicates an inextricable relationship between organizational behavior and a firm’s performance. Understanding organizational behavior enables managers to discover synergies for employee performance.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Significance of Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the study of organizational development has led to the creation of positive organizational behavior as advanced by positivist psychologists1. Organizational learning process is critical to organizations because it helps management teams and low-end employees to adapt to the workplace environment, and to grow their competitive advantage2. The process of learning behavior at the work place such as seeking new information, apportioning time to improve work flow procedures, and testing the validity of work assumptions offers employees to reflect on their actions. This allows them to acquire knowledge and helps in sharing information3. The extent to which members of an organization interact to understand individual characteristics helps employees to develop a common base for a mutual collaboration. Studies have indicated that mutual coexistence among employees and their immediate seniors enhances knowledge and information sharing, which promotes and concretizes their ability to understand and execute their respective duties. The nature of relationships illustrates that while people may have different personal dispositions and different personal attributes, learning and interaction can generate greater mutuality4. Therefore, if organizations fail to implement facilitate employee learning programs, they run a risk of impeding successful behavior learning, which may hamper improved performance. A review of the literature indicates that people naturally know little about their fel lows, and they would need reinforcement to develop learning competencies. Though many researchers have devoted a lot of their time in investigating the significance of behavior learning at work environment, most researchers have confined their studies on notions of negative behavior5. The role of positive behavior in building positive interpersonal relationships helps organizational members to share their variable information, which remain essential to creating new approaches to completing work processes.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The extent and the quality of learning behavior of individuals and groups in an organization makes people feel highly appreciated and valued and helps to neutralize the uncertainties and tensions. Capacity and objective and subjective experiences of employees with their colleagues and supervisors contribute to better subordinate-superior rel ationships. Researchers argue that while negative organizational behavior may have a devastating impact on an organization’s capacity to progress, understanding variations in behavior can be used to nurture mutually coordinated relationships. This is because the process of learning organizational behavior facilitates connectivity of relationships, and captures openness to differences. This scenario helps members to free themselves and clear doubts and negative perceptions about their counterparts. Studies indicate that connectivity among employees through behavior learning enhances the development of non-defensive reactions, and facilitates sharing of knowledge about new challenges6. Therefore, using organizational behavior, organizations are able to generate impetus for future successes. References Carmeli, A., D Brueller, JE Dutton, ‘Learning Behaviors in the Workplace: The Role of High-quality Interpersonal Relationships and Psychological Safety’, Systems Res earch and Behavioral Science, vol. 26, 2009. 81-98. Luthans, F, AH Church, ‘Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths.’ Academy of Management Executive, vol. 16, no. 1, 2002. Footnotes 1 A Carmeli, Brueller, D JE Dutton, ‘Learning Behaviors in the Workplace: The Role of High-quality Interpersonal Relationships and Psychological Safety’, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, vol. 26, 2009. 81-98. 2 F Luthans AH Church, ‘Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths.’ Academy of Management Executive, vol. 16, no. 1, 2002.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Significance of Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 3 F Luthans AH Church, ‘Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths.’ Academy of Management Executive, vol. 16, no. 1, 2 002. 4 A Carmeli, Brueller, D JE Dutton, p. 81-98. 5 F Luthans AH Church, ‘Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths.’ Academy of Management Executive, vol. 16, no. 1, 2002. 6 A Carmeli, Brueller, D JE Dutton, p. 81-98. This report on Significance of Organizational Behavior was written and submitted by user Alissa P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Global Warming Webquest Essay Example

Global Warming Webquest Essay Example Global Warming Webquest Paper Global Warming Webquest Paper How are climate and weather related? Climate is weather that happens over a period of time, Weather is now. They are both related because they both have changes in the weather. Plus they are use to refer what are the temperatures in a country. What is the green house effect? The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, for example) trap energy from the sun. Without these gases, heat would escape back into space and Earths average temperature would be about OFF colder. Because of how they warm our world, these gases are referred to as greenhouse gases. How is amplified warming different from natural warming? Normal warming is mostly caused by natural gases. Amplified warming is mostly caused by heat changes that cause mutations of climate. Also amplified is more spread around the world than normal warming. What factors are most responsible for significant changes in the climate? The major actors are carbon dioxide, deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, road vehicles, pollution, volcanic eruptions, sunspots, water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, etc. Which of these are natural causes and which are driven by human activity? Most of these causes, like pollution and road vehicles, are cause by human activity and they are some of the major causes of the change in the Earths climate. Volcanic eruptions and sunspot are natural causes that are putting our world in danger too. How will humans be impacted by changes in the climate? : The sea levels will raise and land will be lost, seas temperature are going to rise, there will be lost of rain, a lot of dry places, lots of diseases, agricultural places and lots of animals die because of these problem. How will global warming change ecosystems and the environment? Environment Impacted by Global Warming: As the surface of the Earth heats up, unseasonable temperatures and weather phenomenon have become the norm in many areas of the world. The changes in the temperature and weather patterns have already begun to cause changes in land that was once able to produce or grow food. More and more areas are experiencing drought, which has caused a lack of food in areas, which are in great need of water. Global warming has also had the opposite effect in some areas creating catastrophic flooding and other weather phenomenon that has impacted the environment in a disastrous way. Ecosystems Impacted by Global Warming: The ongoing concern right now is the rise in sea level due to glacial ice melting and causing sea level to rise. The rise in sea level could have the potential to not only swallow land along the coast, but to dump salt water in otherwise fresh water habitats such as marshes and wetlands. The infiltration of this salt water will create an unstable environment for many of the animals that call the fresh water habitats their home. Just a slight change in the ecosystem can greatly affect the symbiotic relationships be;en the animals and organisms that are native to these areas. How do CO emissions levels differ from country to country? In Some countries there is a lot of power stations, motor vehicles and industries. These things send a lot of CO emissions to the atmosphere. This s why economically develop countries have more CO than others.

How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives

How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives By Mark Nichol One of the most frequent style errors among writers is the omission of one or more hyphens in a phrasal adjective, a phrase consisting of two or more words linked to show that they’re teaming up to modify a noun that follows them. There’s an easy test to help you see that the hyphen is necessary. When you write a phrase consisting of a noun preceded by two words describing the noun, confirm that the first and second word together modify the third, rather than that the second and third words constitute a compound noun modified by the first word. In the following sentence, for example, the latter holds true: â€Å"Indeed, the agency grants authority for community prevention efforts.† Here, â€Å"prevention efforts† is an open compound noun modified by community the sentence does not refer to efforts to prevent community so no hyphen is required. Also, note that not every phrasal adjective requires a hyphen. Many open compound nouns (for example, â€Å"high school,† â€Å"income tax,† and â€Å"real estate†) are so well established that they appear in dictionaries as terms in their own right and do not require hyphenation when they are converted into adjectives to modify a noun (for example, â€Å"high school student,† â€Å"income tax form,† and â€Å"real estate agent†). In a given sentence with a modified noun, ask yourself what kind of thing is being described, then hyphenate accordingly: 1. â€Å"This foundation has a feel good name.† What kind of a name does it have? One designed to make you feel good, not a good name that feels. So, it’s a feel-good name: â€Å"This foundation has a feel-good name.† 2. â€Å"The small Victorian beach town lifted a decades old ban.† What kind of a ban is it? One that has lasted for decades, not an old ban that is decades. So, it’s a decades-old ban: â€Å"The small Victorian beach town lifted a decades-old ban.† 3. â€Å"A truck and a car collided, triggering a seven vehicle crash.† What kind of crash was it? One involving seven vehicles, not a vehicle crash that is seven. So, it’s a seven-vehicle crash: â€Å"A truck and a car collided, triggering a seven-vehicle crash.† 4. â€Å"It’s the Bay Area’s fastest growing town.† What kind of town is it? One that is growing faster than any other, not a growing town that’s fastest. So, it’s the fastest-growing town: â€Å"It’s the Bay Area’s fastest-growing town.† 5. â€Å"The bumps have been causing two hour delays.† What kind of delays are they? Ones lasting two hours, not hour delays that are two. So, they’re two-hour delays: â€Å"The bumps have been causing two-hour delays.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better Writer5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences

Traditional clothes in Japan and Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Traditional clothes in Japan and Germany - Essay Example Culture is expressed by a range of values that are special and unique for a country or a region – these are history, language, cuisine, traditions. Clothes are a distinctive national peculiarity. Traditional clothes have evolved, as culture has evolved during the ages, influenced by historical developments, religious beliefs, regional and class subcultures.The Japanese traditional clothing today has become to represent Japan’s cultural identity. The word kimono or wafuku means simply â€Å"Japanese style clothing†, and is used to differentiate this style of attire from yofuku, which is the Western-style clothing Japanese prefer to wear today Traditional clothes have specific attributes like form or color that make them distinctive to the national culture. The thought here is that clothes’ elements and style in the past have developed for a reason, conveying meaningful messages to other people as part of the nonverbal communication process. The kimono is a universal symbol of Japan. It represents the traditional beauty and simplicity, having a single basic pattern in size and shape. Originally the kimono was worn in multiple layers of different colors. The symbolism behind this variety of colors is that during the Heian period women had to be protected by multi-layered clothes, whereby the different colors of the layers revealed the character of those who wore them. (Chiu, 2001). Elements of the clothing were indicative of woman's character - her skill in matching colors and even the smallest details in the kimono were highly valued as artistic sensibility. Other symbolic elements in the

Summaries of the articles Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summaries of the articles - Article Example The course that I am doing is purely about marketing. It involves who businesses should correctly market themselves in order to achieve the competitive advantage. The factors that affect the business environment are the same things that appear in my course. Therefore, this article is relevant in helping me confirm the things that I have learnt about the business environment. Understanding these factors from a different source is significant to allowing me to better understand the course or simply how marketing works. I learnt the variables, which form the environment of marketing strategy planning. I now comprehend why company goals are significant in directing marketing strategy planning. I also now see how the resources of a business influence the search for opportunities. I also know how the diverse forms of competitive situations influence strategy planning. Finally, I understand how the technological and economic environment can influence strategy

Time Catherine and Rodolfo Essay Example for Free

Time Catherine and Rodolfo Essay Eddie asks Rodolfo if he has ever boxed before. Rodolfo says no, and Eddie asks if he would like him to show him how it done. Reluctantly Rodolfo agrees. Rodolfo doesnt want to box, but he is so desperate to please Eddie that he agrees. Eddie only wants to make a fool out of Rodolfo. After the fight it is as if the fight has enlightened Rodolfo, he now half realises, that Eddie dislikes him completely, and there is nothing he can do to correct that. Rodolfo asks Catherine to dance. This is done to annoy Eddie, and it works just as Rodolfo wished it to. We now come to the end of act 1. We have seen most aspects of each persons personality, and where they stand in the story. WE shall now discover what lengths each character will go to, to have his/her own way. Alfieri introduces this act, back in the roll of narrator. He tells us the date, the 23rd of December. He also tells us that it is the first time Catherine and Rodolfo have been alone in the house together. One of the earlier excuses Eddie had given to Catherine why she should not marry Rodolfo, was because Eddie thought all that Rodolfo wanted from her was rights to be a citizen. Catherine asks Rodolfo, as a test, if she wanted to, if they could live in Italy when they get married. Rodolfo hates the idea, which only worries Catherine even more. It seems now that everyone except Eddie and Catherine realise Eddies infatuation with Catherine is serious. And here, Catherine starts to realise it too. When Eddie gets home and realises that Catherine and Rodolfo have slept together; Eddie goes mad and his immediate reaction is to tell Rodolfo to pack his bags and leave. Catherine faces up to the situation finally and tells Eddie that she must go with Eddie. Eddie denies her the right completely and refuses to let Catherine go. In Catherines next piece of dialogue we see all her problems come out in her words. She loves Eddie, but not in the same way that he loves her. She wants to stay with Rodolfo because she is the one she truly loves, but Eddie does not want Catherine to go with Rodolfo, and Catherine knows this and does not want to upset Eddie. She knows that she must upset Eddie, as it is the only way out of the situation. Eddie tells her that she: Aint goin nowheres And then he kisses her on the lips. Why does he do that, is he finally facing up to his feelings? Rodolfo lunges at Eddie in anger, but Rodolfo is no match for Eddie, and Eddie merely pins him and then kisses him. This kiss is to ridicule Rodolfo, to show Catherine that she should not marry someone so weak as to let another man kiss him. Or maybe he does this because he thinks that Rodolfo is homosexual. After this scene the play suddenly calms down and becomes certainly more serene. Alfieri narrates, and then turns to when Eddie comes to see him. From what Eddie says, it seems that Eddie got his way. He tells Alfieri that Beatrice is renting a room for Marco and Rodolfo. Eddie wants to know again, if there is anything he can do. Alfieri tells him, Morally and legally you have no rights, you cannot stop it; she is a free agent. This is in regard to Rodolfo marrying Catherine. When Eddie finally excepts it. A telephone glows on the opposite side of the stage, and Alfieri realises what Eddie is going to do. He shouts after him, You wont have a friend in the world Eddie! Even those who understand will turn against you, even the ones who feel the same will despise you! Put it out of your mind! Eddie! This is the last piece of advice Eddie is given, and he does not listen to it. He telephones the immigration bureau and reports two illegal immigrants. At home he acts as if he has done nothing. He argues with Beatrice normally, as if he has no guilt for what he has done. Catherine tells Eddie of her and Rodolfos plans of marriage. He gets upset despite the fact that he knows they will never marry. Just before the immigration officers arrive, Eddie realises what he has done and screams at Beatrice and Catherine to get Rodolfo and Marco out of the house, but it is too late. The immigration officers arrive, both Beatrice and Catherine realise what Eddie has done. Catherine streaks into the bedroom and Beatrice stares at him in horror. Eddie tries to deny it. But there is nothing he can do. He has done it now. The scene now is all of his friends, leaving him, just like Alfieri said they would, one by one they leave Eddie standing there alone, and they only person left is Beatrice. The next scene involves Marco, Alfieri, Catherine and Rodolfo. Alfieri tells Marco that there is a chance that Rodolfo can stay and marry Catherine, but he will have to go back to his country, but as long as he promises not to try to kill or in any way harm Eddie, he could possibly get bail. Marco finds it difficult, but agrees that he will not harm Eddie. The scene changes back to just before the wedding, Eddie will not permit Beatrice to go to the wedding, Catherine is outraged, and tries to persuade Beatrice but they are interrupted by Rodolfo who shouts, Marco is coming, Eddie He knows that Marco will kill Eddie, but Eddie will not move, no matter how much Beatrice tries to persuade him. Rodolfo tries to apologise to Eddie, is he apologising because hes not a man or because he is more than a man? Eddie wants to fight to prove that he is a man, and Marco wants to fight to show people what he did to him, to get his revenge in a way. Eddie seems to be finding it hard to stay sain. Eddie could easily walk away, but he doesnt want to because of Sicilian honour. The knife, which Eddie is ready to kill Marco with, kills him. His lasts words are to Beatrice, which is interesting, and shows that maybe thats what it took for him to realise that what he had before with Beatrice meant so much more. The play finishes with a speech by Alfieri. A line, which means a lot, is: For that I think I will love him more than any of my sensible clients It is making a joke out of a clearly unfunny situation, but it lightens the play, and it is a good time to put it in. It finishes with: And so I mourn him I admit it with a certain alarm. This is a very good place to end the play. Alfieri was the unbiased character who gave us an all-round view, and was a good friend to all the characters involved.

Linguistic :: essays papers

Linguistic As the name suggests, linguistic learners most easily acquire information through words. They love to read, write, and tell stories. Memorizing names, places, dates, and trivia come naturally to these learners (Mantle, 2002). People with a linguistic preference have an awareness of the sounds, rhythms, and meaning of words. These students learn best by saying, hearing, and seeing words. When teaching to these students try having them write down information because that will help them remember it. Obviously they should be encouraged to read both for school and pleasure, but they should also be encouraged to participate in spelling bees or to take a creative writing course. Some games to introduce these children to are scrabble, boggle, and yahtzee. Logical Logical learners are very mathematically inclined. They enjoy solving problems, particularly if they are math related. They welcome the challenge of number games, problem solving, pattern games and like to experiment. They are very logical and straightforward. Logical learners are curious by nature and may incessantly ask you questions about how things work, relationships between things, and where things come from (Mantle, 2002). They do well if they have a sense of order and are given step-by-step instruction (Reiff, 1996). Lesson plans for these students should include charts, diagrams, and tables when possible since this type of student learns best through categorizing, classifying, and working with abstract patterns or relationships. Let them do experiments and show them how to use a calculator. Some games these learners might like to play include Uno, checkers, and chess. Spatial Spatial learners are able to visualizing things very easily. They work well with colors and pictures, and using their imagination. These learners are very artistic, but they sometimes find it hard to express themselves. For example, asking them to draw a picture will get their feelings across better than simply asking them what is wrong (Reiff, 1996). It is important to encourage any sort of creative attempt that these learners make. It might seem as though they are wasting time when in actuality they are thinking hard about something that they have not put on paper yet (Mantle, 2002). Make sure to have a variety or art materials such as paint, markers, crayons, glitter, and fabric ready for these learners to use.

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Life in the Great Gatsby

Through his classic novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald allows many aspects of his personal life to permeate into the story, characters, and ideologies. Without having any background into the life of Fitzgerald, the average reader would conclude that the story was no less than a figment of Fitzgerald’s imagination. This is not the case however, as F. Scott funnels many of his thoughts and ideas into the characters in the book. There are quite a few stunning similarities between his character Daisy, and his own wife Zelda.He incorporates his general attitudes toward money as he displays the financial behaviors of his characters to model his own. Most importantly, he bases much of the plot and characterizations on his time living in Great Neck, New York; a very wealthy section of Long Island. It is these aspects that give the reader a greater understanding of Fitzgerald’s life, and gives the novel itself a more profound meaning. The Great Gatsby was a book writte n in France, but born at 6 Gateway Drive in Great Neck, New York.Gatsby lived there for two years, and though the communities of East and West Egg are technically fictional, they are quite clearly based off of Kings Point and Manhasset Bay. As Mary Jo Murphy of the New York Times states in her recent article â€Å"Fitzgerald himself knew it well†¦ He seeded his masterpiece there, drawing on his own experiences on ‘that slender riotous island’† (Murphy). The setting of The Great Gatsby was identical to that of his home of two years, and this couldn’t be a more black and white comparison of his life to the book.Fitzgerald lived in a wealthy, upper class community in which social status was based upon wealth. Fitzgerald was constantly surrounded by social leaches, ever-trying to crawl up the social ladder; people whose sole concern was in partying, not a care for the mysterious Gatsby. We see this when Nick states, â€Å"I believe that on the first nigh t I went to Gatsby’s house I was one of the few guest who had actually been invited†¦ I was immediately struck by the number of young Englishmen dotted about; all well dressed, all looking a little hungry, and all talking in low, earnest voices to solid and preposterous Americans† (41).These inhabitant of Great Neck were surely represented by the attendees of Gatsby’s social gatherings every Saturday night. The shallow demeanors and hollow intentions of Fitzgerald’s ‘friends’ on Great Neck contributed much to his criticism of American culture, especially of the upper class. Another major aspect of Fitzgerald’s life that was represented in The Great Gatsby is his wife, Zelda. She can easily be compared to Tom Buchanan’s wife, Daisy, as much of the feelings and events shared in their relationship are very similar to those in F. Scott and Zelda’s relationship.When Francis Scott first met Zelda while writing in New York C ity, still seeking fame and fortune, they could not be wed. â€Å"Unwilling to wait while Fitzgerald succeeded in the advertisement business and unwilling to live on his small salary, Zelda Sayre broke their engagement† (Bruccoli). This changed once he stated to write for The Saturday Evening Post in St. Paul, as he was paid handsomely for his articles. He returned to Zelda, with his new fortune and they were immediately wed. This is eerily similar to how Gatsby could not be with Daisy prior to going off to war, for Daisy was of upper class blue-blood wealth and Gatsby was quite poor.Once Gatsby attained his wealth, by any means possible, Daisy was immediately enthralled by his possessions and she was temporarily won away from Tom Buchanan. The epitome if her selfish materialism is displayed when Daisy â€Å"bent her head into the shirts and began to cry stormily. ‘They’re such beautiful shirts†¦ It makes me sad because I’ve never seen such- such bea utiful shirts before† (92). These similarities prove Daisy to be a direct reflection of Zelda and more of Fitzgerald’s personal life revealing itself in the pages of The Great Gatsby.The final major aspect of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s personal life that is portrayed in his novel is his behavior and attitudes toward money. This attitude, in short, would be: Money can buy happiness, and there’s no reason not to show it off. When F. Scott Fitzgerald was declined by Zelda Sayre, instead of moving on he elected to do the opposite. He quit his job in New York City, moved back to St. Paul where he could make a good living, and returned to Zelda hoping now he would live up to her standards. This is the same behavior we see in Jay Gatsby.When Daisy will not be with him because of his lack of wealth and social standing, Jay devotes his life’s work to attaining wealth to win Daisy back. Also Mr. Fitzgerald had a tendency to spend money just as quickly as he earned it; living above his means, and showing off his wealth whenever he could. The same is shown of Gatsby when Nick describes Gatsby’s car, â€Å"I’d seen it. Everyone had seen it. It was a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length with triumphant hat-boxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes, nd terraced with a labyrinth of windshields that mirrored a dozen suns† (64). He spends luxuriously, buying the most expensive car and only wearing brightly colored expensive suits. This reckless and attention seeking spending of money is one behavior of F. Scott Fitzgerald that is prominent in his character Gatsby. While The Great Gatsby was written surely to be a critique and disapproving display of the upper class in America, it is also a deeper revelation of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s life. Most would not recognize this, but his book is saturated with aspects of his own life.Allowing his own life to be present in his novel is surel y something that gives the book some real emotion and deeper meaning. The people, events, and attitudes displayed in the book are not just fiction; they’re based off of the real life of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Bibliography Bruccoli, Matthew J. â€Å"A Brief Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald. † SC. edu. The University of South Carolina, 4 Dec. 2003. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. . Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York City: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925. Print. Murphy, Mary Jo. â€Å"Eyeing the Unreal Estate of Gatsby Esq. † NYTimes. com. The New York Times ,1 Oct. 2010. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. .

Aristotle and Meteorology Essay

Introduction: Aristotle wrote about many subjects that can be grouped into five general divisions: logic, physical works, psychological works, natural history works, and philosophical works. One of the little known physical works concerned meteorology. Aristotle’s views on meteorology are fascinating, but many of the views were not accurate. This paper compares only a few of his views to actual meteorological facts. I. Biography A. Birth and growth B. Influence on writings II. Basis of Aristotle’s meteorology A. Elements and theory B. Science and facts III. Water vapor and precipitation A. Aristotle’s view B. Science and fact. IV. Winds A. Aristotle’s view B. Science and fact Conclusion: Aristotle explained the various meteorological phenomenon in simplistic terms. The explanations match his theory of how matter and shape were interrelated. Aristotle’s ideas on water vapor and precipitation were somewhat accurate, considering that there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on wind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds, but never fully comprehended how wind occurred. September 5, 2000 Aristotle on Meteorology Aristotle was born in 384 BC, at Stagirus, a Greek colony on the Aegean Sea near Macedonia. In 367 BC, Aristotle entered the Academy at Athens and studied under Plato, attending his lectures for a period of twenty years. In the later years of his association with Plato and the Academy, he began to lecture on his own account, especially on the subject of rhetoric. When Plato died in 347, Aristotle and another of Plato’s students, Xenocrates, left Athens for Assus, and set up an academy (Encyclopedia 2). In 342, Aristotle returned to Macedonia and became the tutor to a very young Alexander the Great. He did this for the next five to seven years. Both Philip and Alexander appear to have paid Aristotle high honor. There are stories that indicate the Macedonian court supplied Aristotle with funds for teaching, and with slaves to collect specimens for his studies in natural science (Encyclopedia 4). Aristotle returned to Athens when Alexander the Great began his conquests. He found the Platonic school flourishing under Xenocrates, and Platonism the dominant philosophy of Athens (Encyclopedia 5). Aristotle thus set up his own school at a place called the Lyceum. When teaching at the Lyceum, Aristotle had a habit of walking about as he discoursed. It was because of this that his followers became known in later years as the peripatetics, meaning, â€Å"to walk about† (Shakian 126). For the next thirteen years, he devoted his energies to his teaching and composing his philosophical treatises. His institution integrated extensive equipment, including maps and the largest library collection in Europe. He is said to have given two kinds of lectures: the more detailed discussions in the morning for an inner circle of advanced students, and the popular discourses in the evening for the general body of lovers of knowledge. At the sudden death of Alexander in 323 BC, the pro-Macedonian government in Athens was overthrown, and a general reaction occurred against anything Macedonian. A charge of impiety was trumped up against Aristotle. To escape prosecution he fled to Chalcis in Euboea so that (Aristotle says) â€Å"The Athenians might not have another opportunity of sinning against philosophy as they had already done in the person of Socrates† (Encyclopedia 5). In the first year of his residence at Chalcis he complained of a stomach illness and died in 322 BC (Encyclopedia 7). One of Aristotle’s writings is about meteorology. His theories are based on his belief that all objects in the world are composed of form and matter and the world is arranged according to the relative standing each object occupies in the universe (Shakian 127). This basis led to his theory that any motion was from the center or to the center (Encyclopedia 28). Aristotle saw the universe as a scale lying between the two extremes: form without matter on one end, and matter without form on the other end. Additionally, he believed all matter is made of four bodies: fire, air, water, and earth (Encyclopedia 29). With this information as a basis, it is no wonder that any remaining theories would probably be incorrect. Scientific fact cannot disprove that all objects are of form and matter. Any one can agree or disagree with that philosophy. However, scientific fact does show that movement can occur in directions away from the center or toward the center. For example, solar radiation from the sun does not travel in direct lines to or from a center. Some of the radiation scatters into space. Some is reflects from the earth’s surface and is lost into space (Lutgens 37-43). Air molecules do not move toward or away from a center. Air particles move in an infinite number of directions due to molecule size, shape, weight and composition. Finally, Aristotle’s theory that matter is made of four bodies is dramatically short sighted. Air is a mixture of at least nine different components and is constantly changing in composition. Nitrogen and oxygen make up nearly 99% of the volume of dry air. Of all the components of air, carbon dioxide is the most interest to meteorologists (Lutgens 5). In all fairness, Aristotle had no way to measure or determine the exact components of the atmosphere. In book 1, part 3 of Aristotle’s meteorology, Aristotle describes his explanation of water vapor. His explanation describes the area between the surface of the earth and the visible portion of the Milky Way. It is important to note that he views the Milky Way as a plane or upper level surface (Aristotle, â€Å"Meteorology† 253). Aristotle is very close to a scientific answer when he deduced â€Å"that what immediately surrounds the earth is not mere air, but a sort of vapour, and that its vaporous nature is the reason why it condenses back to water again† (Aristotle, â€Å"Meteorology† 253). His logic is interesting when he indicates that this expanse of a body cannot be fire â€Å"for then all the rest would have dried up† (Aristotle â€Å"Meteorology† 254). In part 9, Aristotle addressed the issue of precipitation. He explained that air condensing into water becomes a cloud. Mist is what remains when a cloud condenses into water. He further explained that when water falls in small drops, it is drizzle, and when the drops are larger, it is called rain (Aristotle â€Å"Meteorology† 267). This is one area where Aristotle was close to accurate. One flaw is his view of the Milky Way as a flat plane. Science has shown that the Milky Way is just one of an infinite number of star galaxies. Aristotle realized water vapor existed. He also realized that the area between the earth and the heavens was not fire. What Aristotle deduced as water vapor is scientifically referred to as a parcel of air. As the air parcel rises, it cools and may condense to form a cloud (Lutgens 81). Aristotle believed the remains of water vapor that did not form a cloud was mist. Actually, what remains is just other air parcels. The energy used to condense the air molecule is released as latent heat creating a cycle of rising and sinking air molecules (Lutgens 82-83). Aristotle provided names for the size of water droplets. It is possible that Aristotle coined the names drizzle and rain. Scientifically, drizzle is defined as small droplets of less than . 5 mm. Rain is defined as droplets of . 5 mm to 5 mm (Lutgens 131). Aristotle dedicated several chapters to the theory of winds. Without scientific measurements, the cause or theory of wind was difficult to determine or explain. Aristotle compared wind to a flowing river in book 1 (Aristotle â€Å"Meteorology† 348). Unfortunately, Aristotle could not discern why the river of wind never dried up. Therefore, he abandoned that theory and analogy of wind and simply tried to explain rivers instead. In book two, he dedicated three more chapters to wind. Aristotle used his theory of water vapor and direct observation of something he called smoke to describe the occurrence of wind. He related the rising water vapor and the heat of the sun. This combination created wind. Rain contributed to wind development by causing calm winds after a rain (Encyclopedia 191). Wind must have been a difficult subject for Aristotle to explain, considering how much was written about the subject. The facts indicate he was close to an answer but never fully understood the concept of wind. The definition of wind is the result of horizontal differences in air pressure. Air flows from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure. It is nature’s method to balance inequalities of pressure. Unequal heating of the earth’s surface generates the pressure differences. Therefore, solar radiation is the ultimate driving force of wind (Lutgens 149). The effects Aristotle explained were often the results of the pressure changes. He realized the sun had some influence. The clam wind after a rain is an occurrence with strong thunderstorms that leave a micro scale high-pressure dome in their wake (Lutgens 153). Aristotle explained the various meteorological phenomenon in simplistic terms. The explanations match his theory of how matter and shape were interrelated. Aristotle’s ideas on water vapor and precipitation were somewhat accurate, considering there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on wind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds but never fully comprehended how wind occurred Works Cited Aristotle. Great Books of the Western World. Volume 1. Chicago: Robert P. Gwinn, 1990. Aristotle. â€Å"Meteorology† 113 – 438. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Internet Address: http://classics. mit. edu/Aristotle/meteorology. 1. i. html. Translated by E. W. Webster. 27 Aug. 2000. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1-321. University of Tennessee at Martin. Internet Address: http://www. utm. edu/research/iep/a/aristotl. htm. 24 Aug. 2000. Lutgens, Frederick K. and Edward J. Tarbuck. The Atmosphere. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1992. Sahakian, William S. and Mabel Lewis Sahakian. Ideas of the Great Philosophers. New York: Barnes & Noble Inc. , 1970.

Football Essays - College Football National Champions, Free Essays

Football Essays - College Football National Champions, Free Essays Football Personal Statement Describe and discuss a significant experience or achievement that has special meaning to you. The 1998 varsity football season was both a significant experience and achievement for me. It was so extraordinary that it defiantly has a special meaning to me. As a team we won North Coast Section (NCS) of California, Division III, and were ranked number one in the state, Division III. This immense reward was not simply given out to every team but instead we had to earn it. After it was all over and completed I could truthfully say that earning it was not easy. One week after we got out for summer last year we started preparing ourselves physically for the upcoming season. As a team through the whole summer we lifted and ran four days a week. It was difficult because all the other high school kids were at the beach, while I was working hard in the gym or on the track. In the championship game I was the one out there while they were the ones in the stands wishing they could be a part of it all. That summer was when I knew varsity football was going to be a commitment. The night before we were going to begin double days, two practices every day for a week, we all slept in the gym as one group united as a team. During that evening we discussed and set goals that we would strive for and that would guide are season on a prosperous path. We came up with three goals: go u ndefeated, win NCS, and be number one in the state. From that point on I committed myself to the team and that it stood for and represented. I knew this commitment would need my devotion and I felt I could make sacrifices in my life in order to be committed. We came into the season ranked number one and that meant we had to keep it. In order to maintain at the top we had to go undefeated. This was once again not easy because the season was mostly filled with tough opponents who would not simply allow us to win. I did not play the star role in these games but I was simply on two special teams, kick off and kick return, and played a little time at linebacker. I still was part of it all by devoting myself 100% to every game and practice. We defeated our first nine opponents and ended up in the playoffs. We gave it our all and won two playoff games versus two of the most competitive opponents I have ever played. In the championship game the special teams I was on were unbelievable. The kickoff team caused the other team to turnover the ball and the return team returned the ball all the way for a touchdown, the first time all season. I was part of both of these teams and am proud to say it. It was a game that brought me pride and happiness. I can now say that this season was well worth the commitment because the reward was so magnificent. We were not simply a championship team but a family. Throughout the season we bonded to each other and moved each week toward a common goal. It felt so good inside to have reach each of our goals. I now look at the plaque on my wall and the championship football ring on my hand and words such as: pride, courage, commitment, sacrifice, and family come to mind. Bibliography none

Brazils Communication Essay Example for Free

Brazil’s Communication Essay Every country has unique, distinctive ways in which they interrelate and communicate with each other within their country. A country’s means of communication can be verbalized through verbal, non-verbal, and interpersonal communication channels. In the country of Brazil most people are not Hispanic but Latino, although many immigrant communities are from Europe, Africa, and Japan. The official language spoken in Brazil is Portuguese; however, Spanish, English, and French are other languages that are also spoken in Brazil. When greeting they expect a firm handshake with strong eye contact. When doing business in Brazil don’t be taken aback if they stand very close to you when speaking. Moving away may be interpreted as rejection. Brazil also uses many forms of non verbal communication. Much of this body language is comprised of culturally derived behaviors. When speaking to one another, it is not normal to take turns speaking. People will interrupt a conversation and will often speak at the same time as their peers. Another verbal communication pattern that Brazil practices is using first names when addressing a person. Also, one’s tone of voice is often high pitched when conversing with one another. Although daily conversation is conducted in a louder voice, it is not meant to express anger or hostility to anybody. In addition, verbal communication in Brazil is viewed as being theatrical and overly animated by other countries who are more reserved. In Brazil, physical appearance and surroundings are important and provide visual cues as to one’s status and tone of conversations. In many Latin countries, communication tends to be predominately oral rather than through written word. However, from the business aspect, when sending something in written format it is usually a good idea to follow up with a phone call or a visit in person. Over the last two decades, the telecom industry world over has grown and evolved at an incredible pace and has significantly changed the way people interact. Brazil Telecom offers long distance telecommunications services hrough some 8,034 million lines and 281,800 public telephones to customers in Brazil. Oi Telecom, formerly known as Telemar is the largest telecommunications company in Brazil, it was established in 2008 and has become the biggest company in Brazil on the Telecommunications sector. This company is present in 4600 cities in Brazil and it has influenced the price drop in the national level of the same services offered by competitors due to strength of its operations in the country. Brazil’s Communication. (2017, Jan 04).

Growing Importance of India For Investors (ie, India is the next Essay

Growing Importance of India For Investors (ie, India is the next China) - Essay Example The economic reforms introduced in early 1990s have boosted the economy’s growth. Tariff barriers were brought down. Foreign players could enter and thus the private firms had to compete with the best. Exports rose up. Indian firms are rapidly becoming global like Bharti Airtel has entered African market. Unlike China, India’s growth cannot be attributed to just the public sector. There are about 45m entrepreneurs in India. India’s informal sector is also doing well. Indian businesses majorly cater to the need of their domestic consumers and also export various services. Indian firms successfully satisfy the needs of money conscious customers in India who love low priced goods. Tata Filters for example manufactures a water filter that can provide safe drinking water at a meager charge of rupees 30 a month. Indian firms are coming up with new products as well as new business models. HCL technologies improve the IT system of their clients on the condition that they will charge only if their clients gain. Moon B. Shin of LG electronics sees immense opportunity in the Indian market. They are manufacturing low priced goods and goods suited to the liking of Indians. The infrastructure in India is poor. Roads are bad and traffic conditions do not depict a rosy picture either. Power shortage is another problem. McKinsey predicts that Indian growth will be five fold in the next 20 years. India will have to spend $1.2trillion on infrastructure in future. India lacks in skilled workforce. There are only 16 Indian Institute of technology in India. Universities do not impart useful knowledge and companies have to spend a lot for their training. India’s adult literacy rate is 66% compared to 99% of China. Corruption exists everywhere. Instability in the form of Naxalite movement is affecting mining and logging firms. Populism whereby politicians discourage businesses for their own interests is a major obstruction to growth. The government is making