The taste of melon by borden deal - 11847 Words

The Taste of Melon B O R D E N Focus Your Learning Reading this story will help you: ââ€"   relate your own experience to the story theme ââ€"   analyse story structure ââ€"   identify changes in the narrator’s perspective ââ€"   interpret characters’ motives 130 Look Closely D E A L When I think of the summer I was sixteen, a lot of things some crowding in to be thought about. We had moved just the year before, and sixteen is still young enough that the bunch makes a difference. I had a bunch, all right, but they weren’t sure of me yet. I didn’t know why. Maybe because I’d lived in town, and my father still worked there instead of farming, like the other fathers did. The boys I knew, even Freddy Gray and J.D., still kept a small†¦show more content†¦Men came from miles around to look at it. Mr. Wills wouldn’t let them go into the melon patch. They had to stand around the edge. Just like all other daredevil boys in that country, I guess, Freddy Gray and J.D. and I had talked idly about stealing that giant watermelon. But we all knew that it was just talk. Not only were we afraid of Mr. Wills and his rages but we knew that Mr. Wills sat in the hayloft window of his barn every night with his shotgun, guarding the melon. It was his seed melon. He meant to plant next year’s crop out of that great one and maybe raise a whole field of them. Mr. Wills was in a frenzy of fear that somebody would steal it. Why, he would rather you stole Willadean than his melon. At least, he didn’t guard Willadean with his shotgun. Every night I could sit on our front porch and see Mr. Wills sitting up there in the window of his hayloft, looking fiercely out over his melon patch. I’d sit there by the hour and watch him, the shotgun cradled in his arm, and feel the tremors of fear and excitement chasing up and down my spine. â€Å"Look at him,† my father would say. â€Å"Scared to death somebody will steal his seed melon. Wouldn’t anybody steal a man’s seed melon.† â€Å"He ought to be in the house taking care of that wife of his,† my mother would say tartly. â€Å"She’s been poorly all year.† You hardly ever saw Mrs. Wills. She was a wraith of aShow MoreRelatedA Good Story By Anne Mccaffery1838 Words   |  8 Pageswilling to take risks. This is what makes the short story The Taste of Melon by Borden Deal such a great read. The sixteen-year-old main character in The Taste of Melon is given the spirit of a stereotypical teenager, complex and ignorant, but he also has the traits of a hero, honest and open to mistakes. First, readers are hooked on immediately when the character takes his first risk, You weren t planning on going after that melon yourself? Well yes, I said, As a matter of fact IRead MoreStories2682 Words   |  11 Pages The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman 3. How It Happened Arthur Conan Doyle 4. There Will Come Soft Rains Ray Bradbury 5. Meteor John Wyndham 6. The Lemon Orchard Alex la Guma 7. Secrets Bernard MacLaverty 8. The Taste of Watermelon Borden Deal 9. The Third and Final Continent Jhumpa Lahiri 10. On Her Knees Tim Winton 1 These notes are intended to give some background information on each author and/or story as an aid to further research and to stimulate discussion in

Health Care Interview Free Essays

There are many components to a hospital or medical facility. All of them are necessary to have a properly functioning environment. The emergency department of a hospital is a fast paced world. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Interview or any similar topic only for you Order Now You have to be constantly on your toes and prepared for whatever may come through the doors. There are many people that work in an emergency room to make it run smoothly. Techs, nurses, CNA’s, LVN’s, and doctors all work side by side to help those who are critically injured. Without all these people it would be complete chaos. Triage is usually the first step of the emergency room and helps determine severity of each patient. Once through triage, the patient is either sent to a different area of emergency or another part of the hospital. The emergency department is usually broken down into different parts as well. Typically, there is a trauma area, an area for those less urgent, resuscitation areas, and even a psychiatric area. Trauma is reserved for those with life threatening injuries or illness and is always stocked with the equipment needed for these cases. Resuscitation areas are for those who come in unconscious or DOA (dead on arrival). These rooms are equipped with all the equipment necessary to try and save someone’s life. There are many things done in an emergency department. Vitals are the usually the first thing when a patient comes into the emergency room. An injury or illness may not be immediately visible; vitals are an easy way to see if anything is out of the ordinary right off the bat. When injury is more apparent, like a broken bone, x-rays can be done right in the emergency room. EKG’s are often performed on those complaining of chest pain. The emergency room also does the simple stuff like suturing wounds or doing ultrasounds. As you can see there is not much the emergency room cannot do. It is the center of the hospital. My interviewee specifically works in the emergency department of Valley Children’s Hospital. Although the primary patients are children eighteen years of age and younger, they will accept all patients until stabilized and able to be transported to the correct hospital. A children’s hospital is a type of specialty hospital. There are many other types of specialty hospitals, but this type specifically caters to children. The emergency at this hospital sees many different types of injuries and illness. Although, this hospital is well known for seeing the sickest children from Bakersfield to Sacramento, they care for kids with rare cancers and other life threatening illnesses. I chose to interview Jeff Gonzales who is a technician in the emergency room. Upon starting the interview, I quickly got the feeling that the technicians do a lot more than I would have thought. The technicians are usually the first person the patient deals with. They start the initial work up and take the vitals. After the nurses and doctors have decided on a proper course of treatment, the technicians often help with the procedures or getting the patient to the correct area of the hospital. The technicians may also draw blood for cultures or even splint a patient. â€Å"We are kind of all over the place, go where I am needed and help where I can,† explains Jeff. Like any good profession these days, there is some education that is required to attain a position like this. Jeff went to school for phlebotomy and was originally planning on being a fire fighter. After gaining the emergency training from the fire academy, Jeff was unfortunately injured and could no longer go after that career. However, his emergency training comes in handy for the emergency room, he states, â€Å"you have to be prepared for anything, having the EMT training helps me when things get hectic. † As for additional training, the only thing that needs to be kept to date is his phlebotomy license. All other training is provided by the hospital and is typically done on an annual basis. Working in an environment with so many different people could cause problems. You have to learn to trust your coworkers and work together to the best of your ability. Letting management know about any problems right away helps a lot because the issues can get addressed immediately. â€Å"Like any job, there may be that one person you do not get along with, but as long as you do your best to just do your job and avoid drama, you will be okay,† he says. Taking care of the patients is always the number one priority in hospitals. Jeff informed me that the best way to make it through the day is to be compassionate and have patience. Dealing with children can be hard, especially to those who have children of their own. When we lose a patient, it is hard not to take it personally,† he says. That is where the compassion comes in. Losing anyone is not a happy time, but dealing with children, it is difficult to not get attached. Being patient is important because you are dealing with kids. â€Å"Sometimes the children do not understand what we are asking o r why we are poking them, so being patient is very important,† says Jeff. Although there are many changes starting to roll out in health care, Jeff informed me that he has not personally experienced any of them so far. He explained that most of the changes occurring in his place of employment were in upper positions. He did mention that he thinks that technology has come a long way in the medical field and is heading the right direction. Electronic medical records have made every aspect of patient care easier and improved communication between doctors. Also, the advances in surgery have also made things in the emergency room easier. With lasers and other computer controlled surgeries, the turnaround for recovery is much lower and often times an overnight stay is not even necessary. After taking a deeper look into this department of a hospital it is easy to understand why it is so important. Without an emergency department, trauma and critically ill patients would have nowhere to go. With so many people in on place it is hard to keep things organized. All the parts of the department must function like a well-oiled machine to keep up with the chaos that occurs in emergency rooms. The teams of medical professionals have big responsibilities to their patients, especially the children. How to cite Health Care Interview, Papers

Human Resource Management Journal of Industrial Relations

Question: 1. Explain Guests model of HRM 2. Compare the differences between Storeys definitions of HRM, personnel and HR practices 3. Assess the implications for line managers and employees of developing a strategic approach to HRM Answer: 1. Guest model of HRM As per David Guest, the Human resource management study has 6 dimensions which need to be analyzed in the correct manner. The six dimensions are HRM strategy, practices of HRM, outcomes of HRM, behavioral outcomes, performance outcomes and financial outcomes. The model is completely prescriptive in nature and is of the assumption that the new models are completely different from the traditional personnel management models. The model is very objective in nature and intends to work on all critical aspects of the Human resource field. It is very interesting to see that the model intend to work on the financial aspect as well which allows the usage of proper metrics. This can also help organization understand the importance of HRM strategy as the money equated value is comparatively easier to understand. Any business has one important function related to HRM and this is where the concept of HRM is very critical and all businesses should value it. It is expected that in years to come the same would become more and more important as people will become flexible and organization need to understand the same. Employees will be on social platform and hence there feedbacks will be seen there and hence the challenge of having a comprehensive HRM strategy is very difficult. The new models like the one shown by David Guest try to cover all the aspects of HRM field. 2. Storeys definition of HRM, Personnel and HR practices Human capability and commitment is what differentiates organizations. Moreover, HRM needs to be implemented into the organizational strategy and needs to be integrated into the management functions because these will assist organization to achieve its goals properly. Story's Definition of HRM recognizes the accompanying purposes of contrast between Personnel, IR Practices HRM Practices Personnel go for cautious outline of composed contracts while HRM attempt to go past the agreement. Personnel organizes conceiving clear tenets though HRM seeks after a can do standpoint. Personnel manual for administration activity is taking into account techniques while HRM concentrates on business need. Corporate arrangement runs next to each other with Personnel though HRM is coordinated with methodology. Pace of choice is a touch moderate with Personnel contrasted with HRM. The key concern of Personnel is simply work administration while HRM concentrates on client. With Personnel administration's part is value-based though HRM concentrates on transformational initiative. Personnel keep up roundabout correspondence while HRM takes after direct correspondence approach. Selection is a different errand for Personnel while this is an incorporated procedure for HRM. Personnel have faith in altered evaluation pay while HRM has confidence in execution related pay. Job configuration is in light of division of work with Personnel while HRM means 3. Implications for Line Managers and Employees towards HR Strategy Various advantages exist in utilizing line directors as engineers of individuals. They can oversee operational expenses viably. They can apply specialized mastery where vital. Line directors compose work assignment and Rota. They screen and assess work forms. They measure operational execution and check quality. Line supervisors manage clients and customers straightforwardly. HRM Employees assume the most critical part in HRM since they are the key resource and we additionally must recollect that high-performing and creative workers are the establishment of benefit. It is exceptionally fascinating to see that the model expect to chip away at the monetary perspective also which permits the utilization of fitting measurements. This can likewise help association comprehend the significance of HRM method as the cash compared quality is similarly simpler to get it. Any business has one essential capacity identified with HRM and this is the place the idea of HRM is exceptionally discriminating and all organizations ought to esteem it. It is required that in years to come the same would get to be more essential as individuals will get to be adaptable and association need to comprehend the same. Representatives will be on social stage and thus there inputs will be seen there and henceforth the test of having a thorough HRM method is extremely troublesome. It is e xtremely fascinating to see that the model means to deal with the budgetary viewpoint too which permits the utilization of legitimate measurements. This can likewise help association comprehend the significance of HRM method as the cash likened quality is relatively less demanding to get it. Any business has one critical capacity identified with HRM and this is the place the idea of HRM is exceptionally discriminating and all organizations ought to esteem it. It is relied upon that in years to come the same would get to be more essential as individuals will get to be adaptable and associations need to comprehend. References: Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2001).Human resource management: theory and practice. Psychology Press Guest, D. (2002). Human resource management, corporate performance and employee wellbeing: Building the worker into HRM.Journal of Industrial relations,44(3), 335-358 Guest, D. E. (1990). HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND THE AMERICAN DREAM*.Journal of Management studies,27(4), 377-397 Guest, D. E. (1997). Human resource management and performance: a review and research agenda.International journal of human resource management,8(3), 263-276 Guest, D. E. (1999). Human resource management the workers' verdict.Human Resource Management Journal,9(3), 5-25 Human Resource Management, 4th edition, by Alan Pric

Significance of Organizational Behavior

Organizational behavior has routinely been studied since its discovery in the hawthorn study. Research indicates an inextricable relationship between organizational behavior and a firm’s performance. Understanding organizational behavior enables managers to discover synergies for employee performance.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Significance of Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the study of organizational development has led to the creation of positive organizational behavior as advanced by positivist psychologists1. Organizational learning process is critical to organizations because it helps management teams and low-end employees to adapt to the workplace environment, and to grow their competitive advantage2. The process of learning behavior at the work place such as seeking new information, apportioning time to improve work flow procedures, and testing the validity of work assumptions offers employees to reflect on their actions. This allows them to acquire knowledge and helps in sharing information3. The extent to which members of an organization interact to understand individual characteristics helps employees to develop a common base for a mutual collaboration. Studies have indicated that mutual coexistence among employees and their immediate seniors enhances knowledge and information sharing, which promotes and concretizes their ability to understand and execute their respective duties. The nature of relationships illustrates that while people may have different personal dispositions and different personal attributes, learning and interaction can generate greater mutuality4. Therefore, if organizations fail to implement facilitate employee learning programs, they run a risk of impeding successful behavior learning, which may hamper improved performance. A review of the literature indicates that people naturally know little about their fel lows, and they would need reinforcement to develop learning competencies. Though many researchers have devoted a lot of their time in investigating the significance of behavior learning at work environment, most researchers have confined their studies on notions of negative behavior5. The role of positive behavior in building positive interpersonal relationships helps organizational members to share their variable information, which remain essential to creating new approaches to completing work processes.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The extent and the quality of learning behavior of individuals and groups in an organization makes people feel highly appreciated and valued and helps to neutralize the uncertainties and tensions. Capacity and objective and subjective experiences of employees with their colleagues and supervisors contribute to better subordinate-superior rel ationships. Researchers argue that while negative organizational behavior may have a devastating impact on an organization’s capacity to progress, understanding variations in behavior can be used to nurture mutually coordinated relationships. This is because the process of learning organizational behavior facilitates connectivity of relationships, and captures openness to differences. This scenario helps members to free themselves and clear doubts and negative perceptions about their counterparts. Studies indicate that connectivity among employees through behavior learning enhances the development of non-defensive reactions, and facilitates sharing of knowledge about new challenges6. Therefore, using organizational behavior, organizations are able to generate impetus for future successes. References Carmeli, A., D Brueller, JE Dutton, ‘Learning Behaviors in the Workplace: The Role of High-quality Interpersonal Relationships and Psychological Safety’, Systems Res earch and Behavioral Science, vol. 26, 2009. 81-98. Luthans, F, AH Church, ‘Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths.’ Academy of Management Executive, vol. 16, no. 1, 2002. Footnotes 1 A Carmeli, Brueller, D JE Dutton, ‘Learning Behaviors in the Workplace: The Role of High-quality Interpersonal Relationships and Psychological Safety’, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, vol. 26, 2009. 81-98. 2 F Luthans AH Church, ‘Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths.’ Academy of Management Executive, vol. 16, no. 1, 2002.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Significance of Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 3 F Luthans AH Church, ‘Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths.’ Academy of Management Executive, vol. 16, no. 1, 2 002. 4 A Carmeli, Brueller, D JE Dutton, p. 81-98. 5 F Luthans AH Church, ‘Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths.’ Academy of Management Executive, vol. 16, no. 1, 2002. 6 A Carmeli, Brueller, D JE Dutton, p. 81-98. This report on Significance of Organizational Behavior was written and submitted by user Alissa P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Global Warming Webquest Essay Example

Global Warming Webquest Essay Example Global Warming Webquest Paper Global Warming Webquest Paper How are climate and weather related? Climate is weather that happens over a period of time, Weather is now. They are both related because they both have changes in the weather. Plus they are use to refer what are the temperatures in a country. What is the green house effect? The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, for example) trap energy from the sun. Without these gases, heat would escape back into space and Earths average temperature would be about OFF colder. Because of how they warm our world, these gases are referred to as greenhouse gases. How is amplified warming different from natural warming? Normal warming is mostly caused by natural gases. Amplified warming is mostly caused by heat changes that cause mutations of climate. Also amplified is more spread around the world than normal warming. What factors are most responsible for significant changes in the climate? The major actors are carbon dioxide, deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, road vehicles, pollution, volcanic eruptions, sunspots, water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, etc. Which of these are natural causes and which are driven by human activity? Most of these causes, like pollution and road vehicles, are cause by human activity and they are some of the major causes of the change in the Earths climate. Volcanic eruptions and sunspot are natural causes that are putting our world in danger too. How will humans be impacted by changes in the climate? : The sea levels will raise and land will be lost, seas temperature are going to rise, there will be lost of rain, a lot of dry places, lots of diseases, agricultural places and lots of animals die because of these problem. How will global warming change ecosystems and the environment? Environment Impacted by Global Warming: As the surface of the Earth heats up, unseasonable temperatures and weather phenomenon have become the norm in many areas of the world. The changes in the temperature and weather patterns have already begun to cause changes in land that was once able to produce or grow food. More and more areas are experiencing drought, which has caused a lack of food in areas, which are in great need of water. Global warming has also had the opposite effect in some areas creating catastrophic flooding and other weather phenomenon that has impacted the environment in a disastrous way. Ecosystems Impacted by Global Warming: The ongoing concern right now is the rise in sea level due to glacial ice melting and causing sea level to rise. The rise in sea level could have the potential to not only swallow land along the coast, but to dump salt water in otherwise fresh water habitats such as marshes and wetlands. The infiltration of this salt water will create an unstable environment for many of the animals that call the fresh water habitats their home. Just a slight change in the ecosystem can greatly affect the symbiotic relationships be;en the animals and organisms that are native to these areas. How do CO emissions levels differ from country to country? In Some countries there is a lot of power stations, motor vehicles and industries. These things send a lot of CO emissions to the atmosphere. This s why economically develop countries have more CO than others.

How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives

How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives By Mark Nichol One of the most frequent style errors among writers is the omission of one or more hyphens in a phrasal adjective, a phrase consisting of two or more words linked to show that they’re teaming up to modify a noun that follows them. There’s an easy test to help you see that the hyphen is necessary. When you write a phrase consisting of a noun preceded by two words describing the noun, confirm that the first and second word together modify the third, rather than that the second and third words constitute a compound noun modified by the first word. In the following sentence, for example, the latter holds true: â€Å"Indeed, the agency grants authority for community prevention efforts.† Here, â€Å"prevention efforts† is an open compound noun modified by community the sentence does not refer to efforts to prevent community so no hyphen is required. Also, note that not every phrasal adjective requires a hyphen. Many open compound nouns (for example, â€Å"high school,† â€Å"income tax,† and â€Å"real estate†) are so well established that they appear in dictionaries as terms in their own right and do not require hyphenation when they are converted into adjectives to modify a noun (for example, â€Å"high school student,† â€Å"income tax form,† and â€Å"real estate agent†). In a given sentence with a modified noun, ask yourself what kind of thing is being described, then hyphenate accordingly: 1. â€Å"This foundation has a feel good name.† What kind of a name does it have? One designed to make you feel good, not a good name that feels. So, it’s a feel-good name: â€Å"This foundation has a feel-good name.† 2. â€Å"The small Victorian beach town lifted a decades old ban.† What kind of a ban is it? One that has lasted for decades, not an old ban that is decades. So, it’s a decades-old ban: â€Å"The small Victorian beach town lifted a decades-old ban.† 3. â€Å"A truck and a car collided, triggering a seven vehicle crash.† What kind of crash was it? One involving seven vehicles, not a vehicle crash that is seven. So, it’s a seven-vehicle crash: â€Å"A truck and a car collided, triggering a seven-vehicle crash.† 4. â€Å"It’s the Bay Area’s fastest growing town.† What kind of town is it? One that is growing faster than any other, not a growing town that’s fastest. So, it’s the fastest-growing town: â€Å"It’s the Bay Area’s fastest-growing town.† 5. â€Å"The bumps have been causing two hour delays.† What kind of delays are they? Ones lasting two hours, not hour delays that are two. So, they’re two-hour delays: â€Å"The bumps have been causing two-hour delays.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better Writer5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences

Traditional clothes in Japan and Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Traditional clothes in Japan and Germany - Essay Example Culture is expressed by a range of values that are special and unique for a country or a region – these are history, language, cuisine, traditions. Clothes are a distinctive national peculiarity. Traditional clothes have evolved, as culture has evolved during the ages, influenced by historical developments, religious beliefs, regional and class subcultures.The Japanese traditional clothing today has become to represent Japan’s cultural identity. The word kimono or wafuku means simply â€Å"Japanese style clothing†, and is used to differentiate this style of attire from yofuku, which is the Western-style clothing Japanese prefer to wear today Traditional clothes have specific attributes like form or color that make them distinctive to the national culture. The thought here is that clothes’ elements and style in the past have developed for a reason, conveying meaningful messages to other people as part of the nonverbal communication process. The kimono is a universal symbol of Japan. It represents the traditional beauty and simplicity, having a single basic pattern in size and shape. Originally the kimono was worn in multiple layers of different colors. The symbolism behind this variety of colors is that during the Heian period women had to be protected by multi-layered clothes, whereby the different colors of the layers revealed the character of those who wore them. (Chiu, 2001). Elements of the clothing were indicative of woman's character - her skill in matching colors and even the smallest details in the kimono were highly valued as artistic sensibility. Other symbolic elements in the

Summaries of the articles Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summaries of the articles - Article Example The course that I am doing is purely about marketing. It involves who businesses should correctly market themselves in order to achieve the competitive advantage. The factors that affect the business environment are the same things that appear in my course. Therefore, this article is relevant in helping me confirm the things that I have learnt about the business environment. Understanding these factors from a different source is significant to allowing me to better understand the course or simply how marketing works. I learnt the variables, which form the environment of marketing strategy planning. I now comprehend why company goals are significant in directing marketing strategy planning. I also now see how the resources of a business influence the search for opportunities. I also know how the diverse forms of competitive situations influence strategy planning. Finally, I understand how the technological and economic environment can influence strategy

Time Catherine and Rodolfo Essay Example for Free

Time Catherine and Rodolfo Essay Eddie asks Rodolfo if he has ever boxed before. Rodolfo says no, and Eddie asks if he would like him to show him how it done. Reluctantly Rodolfo agrees. Rodolfo doesnt want to box, but he is so desperate to please Eddie that he agrees. Eddie only wants to make a fool out of Rodolfo. After the fight it is as if the fight has enlightened Rodolfo, he now half realises, that Eddie dislikes him completely, and there is nothing he can do to correct that. Rodolfo asks Catherine to dance. This is done to annoy Eddie, and it works just as Rodolfo wished it to. We now come to the end of act 1. We have seen most aspects of each persons personality, and where they stand in the story. WE shall now discover what lengths each character will go to, to have his/her own way. Alfieri introduces this act, back in the roll of narrator. He tells us the date, the 23rd of December. He also tells us that it is the first time Catherine and Rodolfo have been alone in the house together. One of the earlier excuses Eddie had given to Catherine why she should not marry Rodolfo, was because Eddie thought all that Rodolfo wanted from her was rights to be a citizen. Catherine asks Rodolfo, as a test, if she wanted to, if they could live in Italy when they get married. Rodolfo hates the idea, which only worries Catherine even more. It seems now that everyone except Eddie and Catherine realise Eddies infatuation with Catherine is serious. And here, Catherine starts to realise it too. When Eddie gets home and realises that Catherine and Rodolfo have slept together; Eddie goes mad and his immediate reaction is to tell Rodolfo to pack his bags and leave. Catherine faces up to the situation finally and tells Eddie that she must go with Eddie. Eddie denies her the right completely and refuses to let Catherine go. In Catherines next piece of dialogue we see all her problems come out in her words. She loves Eddie, but not in the same way that he loves her. She wants to stay with Rodolfo because she is the one she truly loves, but Eddie does not want Catherine to go with Rodolfo, and Catherine knows this and does not want to upset Eddie. She knows that she must upset Eddie, as it is the only way out of the situation. Eddie tells her that she: Aint goin nowheres And then he kisses her on the lips. Why does he do that, is he finally facing up to his feelings? Rodolfo lunges at Eddie in anger, but Rodolfo is no match for Eddie, and Eddie merely pins him and then kisses him. This kiss is to ridicule Rodolfo, to show Catherine that she should not marry someone so weak as to let another man kiss him. Or maybe he does this because he thinks that Rodolfo is homosexual. After this scene the play suddenly calms down and becomes certainly more serene. Alfieri narrates, and then turns to when Eddie comes to see him. From what Eddie says, it seems that Eddie got his way. He tells Alfieri that Beatrice is renting a room for Marco and Rodolfo. Eddie wants to know again, if there is anything he can do. Alfieri tells him, Morally and legally you have no rights, you cannot stop it; she is a free agent. This is in regard to Rodolfo marrying Catherine. When Eddie finally excepts it. A telephone glows on the opposite side of the stage, and Alfieri realises what Eddie is going to do. He shouts after him, You wont have a friend in the world Eddie! Even those who understand will turn against you, even the ones who feel the same will despise you! Put it out of your mind! Eddie! This is the last piece of advice Eddie is given, and he does not listen to it. He telephones the immigration bureau and reports two illegal immigrants. At home he acts as if he has done nothing. He argues with Beatrice normally, as if he has no guilt for what he has done. Catherine tells Eddie of her and Rodolfos plans of marriage. He gets upset despite the fact that he knows they will never marry. Just before the immigration officers arrive, Eddie realises what he has done and screams at Beatrice and Catherine to get Rodolfo and Marco out of the house, but it is too late. The immigration officers arrive, both Beatrice and Catherine realise what Eddie has done. Catherine streaks into the bedroom and Beatrice stares at him in horror. Eddie tries to deny it. But there is nothing he can do. He has done it now. The scene now is all of his friends, leaving him, just like Alfieri said they would, one by one they leave Eddie standing there alone, and they only person left is Beatrice. The next scene involves Marco, Alfieri, Catherine and Rodolfo. Alfieri tells Marco that there is a chance that Rodolfo can stay and marry Catherine, but he will have to go back to his country, but as long as he promises not to try to kill or in any way harm Eddie, he could possibly get bail. Marco finds it difficult, but agrees that he will not harm Eddie. The scene changes back to just before the wedding, Eddie will not permit Beatrice to go to the wedding, Catherine is outraged, and tries to persuade Beatrice but they are interrupted by Rodolfo who shouts, Marco is coming, Eddie He knows that Marco will kill Eddie, but Eddie will not move, no matter how much Beatrice tries to persuade him. Rodolfo tries to apologise to Eddie, is he apologising because hes not a man or because he is more than a man? Eddie wants to fight to prove that he is a man, and Marco wants to fight to show people what he did to him, to get his revenge in a way. Eddie seems to be finding it hard to stay sain. Eddie could easily walk away, but he doesnt want to because of Sicilian honour. The knife, which Eddie is ready to kill Marco with, kills him. His lasts words are to Beatrice, which is interesting, and shows that maybe thats what it took for him to realise that what he had before with Beatrice meant so much more. The play finishes with a speech by Alfieri. A line, which means a lot, is: For that I think I will love him more than any of my sensible clients It is making a joke out of a clearly unfunny situation, but it lightens the play, and it is a good time to put it in. It finishes with: And so I mourn him I admit it with a certain alarm. This is a very good place to end the play. Alfieri was the unbiased character who gave us an all-round view, and was a good friend to all the characters involved.

Linguistic :: essays papers

Linguistic As the name suggests, linguistic learners most easily acquire information through words. They love to read, write, and tell stories. Memorizing names, places, dates, and trivia come naturally to these learners (Mantle, 2002). People with a linguistic preference have an awareness of the sounds, rhythms, and meaning of words. These students learn best by saying, hearing, and seeing words. When teaching to these students try having them write down information because that will help them remember it. Obviously they should be encouraged to read both for school and pleasure, but they should also be encouraged to participate in spelling bees or to take a creative writing course. Some games to introduce these children to are scrabble, boggle, and yahtzee. Logical Logical learners are very mathematically inclined. They enjoy solving problems, particularly if they are math related. They welcome the challenge of number games, problem solving, pattern games and like to experiment. They are very logical and straightforward. Logical learners are curious by nature and may incessantly ask you questions about how things work, relationships between things, and where things come from (Mantle, 2002). They do well if they have a sense of order and are given step-by-step instruction (Reiff, 1996). Lesson plans for these students should include charts, diagrams, and tables when possible since this type of student learns best through categorizing, classifying, and working with abstract patterns or relationships. Let them do experiments and show them how to use a calculator. Some games these learners might like to play include Uno, checkers, and chess. Spatial Spatial learners are able to visualizing things very easily. They work well with colors and pictures, and using their imagination. These learners are very artistic, but they sometimes find it hard to express themselves. For example, asking them to draw a picture will get their feelings across better than simply asking them what is wrong (Reiff, 1996). It is important to encourage any sort of creative attempt that these learners make. It might seem as though they are wasting time when in actuality they are thinking hard about something that they have not put on paper yet (Mantle, 2002). Make sure to have a variety or art materials such as paint, markers, crayons, glitter, and fabric ready for these learners to use.

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Life in the Great Gatsby

Through his classic novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald allows many aspects of his personal life to permeate into the story, characters, and ideologies. Without having any background into the life of Fitzgerald, the average reader would conclude that the story was no less than a figment of Fitzgerald’s imagination. This is not the case however, as F. Scott funnels many of his thoughts and ideas into the characters in the book. There are quite a few stunning similarities between his character Daisy, and his own wife Zelda.He incorporates his general attitudes toward money as he displays the financial behaviors of his characters to model his own. Most importantly, he bases much of the plot and characterizations on his time living in Great Neck, New York; a very wealthy section of Long Island. It is these aspects that give the reader a greater understanding of Fitzgerald’s life, and gives the novel itself a more profound meaning. The Great Gatsby was a book writte n in France, but born at 6 Gateway Drive in Great Neck, New York.Gatsby lived there for two years, and though the communities of East and West Egg are technically fictional, they are quite clearly based off of Kings Point and Manhasset Bay. As Mary Jo Murphy of the New York Times states in her recent article â€Å"Fitzgerald himself knew it well†¦ He seeded his masterpiece there, drawing on his own experiences on ‘that slender riotous island’† (Murphy). The setting of The Great Gatsby was identical to that of his home of two years, and this couldn’t be a more black and white comparison of his life to the book.Fitzgerald lived in a wealthy, upper class community in which social status was based upon wealth. Fitzgerald was constantly surrounded by social leaches, ever-trying to crawl up the social ladder; people whose sole concern was in partying, not a care for the mysterious Gatsby. We see this when Nick states, â€Å"I believe that on the first nigh t I went to Gatsby’s house I was one of the few guest who had actually been invited†¦ I was immediately struck by the number of young Englishmen dotted about; all well dressed, all looking a little hungry, and all talking in low, earnest voices to solid and preposterous Americans† (41).These inhabitant of Great Neck were surely represented by the attendees of Gatsby’s social gatherings every Saturday night. The shallow demeanors and hollow intentions of Fitzgerald’s ‘friends’ on Great Neck contributed much to his criticism of American culture, especially of the upper class. Another major aspect of Fitzgerald’s life that was represented in The Great Gatsby is his wife, Zelda. She can easily be compared to Tom Buchanan’s wife, Daisy, as much of the feelings and events shared in their relationship are very similar to those in F. Scott and Zelda’s relationship.When Francis Scott first met Zelda while writing in New York C ity, still seeking fame and fortune, they could not be wed. â€Å"Unwilling to wait while Fitzgerald succeeded in the advertisement business and unwilling to live on his small salary, Zelda Sayre broke their engagement† (Bruccoli). This changed once he stated to write for The Saturday Evening Post in St. Paul, as he was paid handsomely for his articles. He returned to Zelda, with his new fortune and they were immediately wed. This is eerily similar to how Gatsby could not be with Daisy prior to going off to war, for Daisy was of upper class blue-blood wealth and Gatsby was quite poor.Once Gatsby attained his wealth, by any means possible, Daisy was immediately enthralled by his possessions and she was temporarily won away from Tom Buchanan. The epitome if her selfish materialism is displayed when Daisy â€Å"bent her head into the shirts and began to cry stormily. ‘They’re such beautiful shirts†¦ It makes me sad because I’ve never seen such- such bea utiful shirts before† (92). These similarities prove Daisy to be a direct reflection of Zelda and more of Fitzgerald’s personal life revealing itself in the pages of The Great Gatsby.The final major aspect of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s personal life that is portrayed in his novel is his behavior and attitudes toward money. This attitude, in short, would be: Money can buy happiness, and there’s no reason not to show it off. When F. Scott Fitzgerald was declined by Zelda Sayre, instead of moving on he elected to do the opposite. He quit his job in New York City, moved back to St. Paul where he could make a good living, and returned to Zelda hoping now he would live up to her standards. This is the same behavior we see in Jay Gatsby.When Daisy will not be with him because of his lack of wealth and social standing, Jay devotes his life’s work to attaining wealth to win Daisy back. Also Mr. Fitzgerald had a tendency to spend money just as quickly as he earned it; living above his means, and showing off his wealth whenever he could. The same is shown of Gatsby when Nick describes Gatsby’s car, â€Å"I’d seen it. Everyone had seen it. It was a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length with triumphant hat-boxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes, nd terraced with a labyrinth of windshields that mirrored a dozen suns† (64). He spends luxuriously, buying the most expensive car and only wearing brightly colored expensive suits. This reckless and attention seeking spending of money is one behavior of F. Scott Fitzgerald that is prominent in his character Gatsby. While The Great Gatsby was written surely to be a critique and disapproving display of the upper class in America, it is also a deeper revelation of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s life. Most would not recognize this, but his book is saturated with aspects of his own life.Allowing his own life to be present in his novel is surel y something that gives the book some real emotion and deeper meaning. The people, events, and attitudes displayed in the book are not just fiction; they’re based off of the real life of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Bibliography Bruccoli, Matthew J. â€Å"A Brief Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald. † SC. edu. The University of South Carolina, 4 Dec. 2003. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. . Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York City: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925. Print. Murphy, Mary Jo. â€Å"Eyeing the Unreal Estate of Gatsby Esq. † NYTimes. com. The New York Times ,1 Oct. 2010. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. .

Aristotle and Meteorology Essay

Introduction: Aristotle wrote about many subjects that can be grouped into five general divisions: logic, physical works, psychological works, natural history works, and philosophical works. One of the little known physical works concerned meteorology. Aristotle’s views on meteorology are fascinating, but many of the views were not accurate. This paper compares only a few of his views to actual meteorological facts. I. Biography A. Birth and growth B. Influence on writings II. Basis of Aristotle’s meteorology A. Elements and theory B. Science and facts III. Water vapor and precipitation A. Aristotle’s view B. Science and fact. IV. Winds A. Aristotle’s view B. Science and fact Conclusion: Aristotle explained the various meteorological phenomenon in simplistic terms. The explanations match his theory of how matter and shape were interrelated. Aristotle’s ideas on water vapor and precipitation were somewhat accurate, considering that there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on wind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds, but never fully comprehended how wind occurred. September 5, 2000 Aristotle on Meteorology Aristotle was born in 384 BC, at Stagirus, a Greek colony on the Aegean Sea near Macedonia. In 367 BC, Aristotle entered the Academy at Athens and studied under Plato, attending his lectures for a period of twenty years. In the later years of his association with Plato and the Academy, he began to lecture on his own account, especially on the subject of rhetoric. When Plato died in 347, Aristotle and another of Plato’s students, Xenocrates, left Athens for Assus, and set up an academy (Encyclopedia 2). In 342, Aristotle returned to Macedonia and became the tutor to a very young Alexander the Great. He did this for the next five to seven years. Both Philip and Alexander appear to have paid Aristotle high honor. There are stories that indicate the Macedonian court supplied Aristotle with funds for teaching, and with slaves to collect specimens for his studies in natural science (Encyclopedia 4). Aristotle returned to Athens when Alexander the Great began his conquests. He found the Platonic school flourishing under Xenocrates, and Platonism the dominant philosophy of Athens (Encyclopedia 5). Aristotle thus set up his own school at a place called the Lyceum. When teaching at the Lyceum, Aristotle had a habit of walking about as he discoursed. It was because of this that his followers became known in later years as the peripatetics, meaning, â€Å"to walk about† (Shakian 126). For the next thirteen years, he devoted his energies to his teaching and composing his philosophical treatises. His institution integrated extensive equipment, including maps and the largest library collection in Europe. He is said to have given two kinds of lectures: the more detailed discussions in the morning for an inner circle of advanced students, and the popular discourses in the evening for the general body of lovers of knowledge. At the sudden death of Alexander in 323 BC, the pro-Macedonian government in Athens was overthrown, and a general reaction occurred against anything Macedonian. A charge of impiety was trumped up against Aristotle. To escape prosecution he fled to Chalcis in Euboea so that (Aristotle says) â€Å"The Athenians might not have another opportunity of sinning against philosophy as they had already done in the person of Socrates† (Encyclopedia 5). In the first year of his residence at Chalcis he complained of a stomach illness and died in 322 BC (Encyclopedia 7). One of Aristotle’s writings is about meteorology. His theories are based on his belief that all objects in the world are composed of form and matter and the world is arranged according to the relative standing each object occupies in the universe (Shakian 127). This basis led to his theory that any motion was from the center or to the center (Encyclopedia 28). Aristotle saw the universe as a scale lying between the two extremes: form without matter on one end, and matter without form on the other end. Additionally, he believed all matter is made of four bodies: fire, air, water, and earth (Encyclopedia 29). With this information as a basis, it is no wonder that any remaining theories would probably be incorrect. Scientific fact cannot disprove that all objects are of form and matter. Any one can agree or disagree with that philosophy. However, scientific fact does show that movement can occur in directions away from the center or toward the center. For example, solar radiation from the sun does not travel in direct lines to or from a center. Some of the radiation scatters into space. Some is reflects from the earth’s surface and is lost into space (Lutgens 37-43). Air molecules do not move toward or away from a center. Air particles move in an infinite number of directions due to molecule size, shape, weight and composition. Finally, Aristotle’s theory that matter is made of four bodies is dramatically short sighted. Air is a mixture of at least nine different components and is constantly changing in composition. Nitrogen and oxygen make up nearly 99% of the volume of dry air. Of all the components of air, carbon dioxide is the most interest to meteorologists (Lutgens 5). In all fairness, Aristotle had no way to measure or determine the exact components of the atmosphere. In book 1, part 3 of Aristotle’s meteorology, Aristotle describes his explanation of water vapor. His explanation describes the area between the surface of the earth and the visible portion of the Milky Way. It is important to note that he views the Milky Way as a plane or upper level surface (Aristotle, â€Å"Meteorology† 253). Aristotle is very close to a scientific answer when he deduced â€Å"that what immediately surrounds the earth is not mere air, but a sort of vapour, and that its vaporous nature is the reason why it condenses back to water again† (Aristotle, â€Å"Meteorology† 253). His logic is interesting when he indicates that this expanse of a body cannot be fire â€Å"for then all the rest would have dried up† (Aristotle â€Å"Meteorology† 254). In part 9, Aristotle addressed the issue of precipitation. He explained that air condensing into water becomes a cloud. Mist is what remains when a cloud condenses into water. He further explained that when water falls in small drops, it is drizzle, and when the drops are larger, it is called rain (Aristotle â€Å"Meteorology† 267). This is one area where Aristotle was close to accurate. One flaw is his view of the Milky Way as a flat plane. Science has shown that the Milky Way is just one of an infinite number of star galaxies. Aristotle realized water vapor existed. He also realized that the area between the earth and the heavens was not fire. What Aristotle deduced as water vapor is scientifically referred to as a parcel of air. As the air parcel rises, it cools and may condense to form a cloud (Lutgens 81). Aristotle believed the remains of water vapor that did not form a cloud was mist. Actually, what remains is just other air parcels. The energy used to condense the air molecule is released as latent heat creating a cycle of rising and sinking air molecules (Lutgens 82-83). Aristotle provided names for the size of water droplets. It is possible that Aristotle coined the names drizzle and rain. Scientifically, drizzle is defined as small droplets of less than . 5 mm. Rain is defined as droplets of . 5 mm to 5 mm (Lutgens 131). Aristotle dedicated several chapters to the theory of winds. Without scientific measurements, the cause or theory of wind was difficult to determine or explain. Aristotle compared wind to a flowing river in book 1 (Aristotle â€Å"Meteorology† 348). Unfortunately, Aristotle could not discern why the river of wind never dried up. Therefore, he abandoned that theory and analogy of wind and simply tried to explain rivers instead. In book two, he dedicated three more chapters to wind. Aristotle used his theory of water vapor and direct observation of something he called smoke to describe the occurrence of wind. He related the rising water vapor and the heat of the sun. This combination created wind. Rain contributed to wind development by causing calm winds after a rain (Encyclopedia 191). Wind must have been a difficult subject for Aristotle to explain, considering how much was written about the subject. The facts indicate he was close to an answer but never fully understood the concept of wind. The definition of wind is the result of horizontal differences in air pressure. Air flows from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure. It is nature’s method to balance inequalities of pressure. Unequal heating of the earth’s surface generates the pressure differences. Therefore, solar radiation is the ultimate driving force of wind (Lutgens 149). The effects Aristotle explained were often the results of the pressure changes. He realized the sun had some influence. The clam wind after a rain is an occurrence with strong thunderstorms that leave a micro scale high-pressure dome in their wake (Lutgens 153). Aristotle explained the various meteorological phenomenon in simplistic terms. The explanations match his theory of how matter and shape were interrelated. Aristotle’s ideas on water vapor and precipitation were somewhat accurate, considering there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on wind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds but never fully comprehended how wind occurred Works Cited Aristotle. Great Books of the Western World. Volume 1. Chicago: Robert P. Gwinn, 1990. Aristotle. â€Å"Meteorology† 113 – 438. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Internet Address: http://classics. mit. edu/Aristotle/meteorology. 1. i. html. Translated by E. W. Webster. 27 Aug. 2000. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1-321. University of Tennessee at Martin. Internet Address: http://www. utm. edu/research/iep/a/aristotl. htm. 24 Aug. 2000. Lutgens, Frederick K. and Edward J. Tarbuck. The Atmosphere. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1992. Sahakian, William S. and Mabel Lewis Sahakian. Ideas of the Great Philosophers. New York: Barnes & Noble Inc. , 1970.

Football Essays - College Football National Champions, Free Essays

Football Essays - College Football National Champions, Free Essays Football Personal Statement Describe and discuss a significant experience or achievement that has special meaning to you. The 1998 varsity football season was both a significant experience and achievement for me. It was so extraordinary that it defiantly has a special meaning to me. As a team we won North Coast Section (NCS) of California, Division III, and were ranked number one in the state, Division III. This immense reward was not simply given out to every team but instead we had to earn it. After it was all over and completed I could truthfully say that earning it was not easy. One week after we got out for summer last year we started preparing ourselves physically for the upcoming season. As a team through the whole summer we lifted and ran four days a week. It was difficult because all the other high school kids were at the beach, while I was working hard in the gym or on the track. In the championship game I was the one out there while they were the ones in the stands wishing they could be a part of it all. That summer was when I knew varsity football was going to be a commitment. The night before we were going to begin double days, two practices every day for a week, we all slept in the gym as one group united as a team. During that evening we discussed and set goals that we would strive for and that would guide are season on a prosperous path. We came up with three goals: go u ndefeated, win NCS, and be number one in the state. From that point on I committed myself to the team and that it stood for and represented. I knew this commitment would need my devotion and I felt I could make sacrifices in my life in order to be committed. We came into the season ranked number one and that meant we had to keep it. In order to maintain at the top we had to go undefeated. This was once again not easy because the season was mostly filled with tough opponents who would not simply allow us to win. I did not play the star role in these games but I was simply on two special teams, kick off and kick return, and played a little time at linebacker. I still was part of it all by devoting myself 100% to every game and practice. We defeated our first nine opponents and ended up in the playoffs. We gave it our all and won two playoff games versus two of the most competitive opponents I have ever played. In the championship game the special teams I was on were unbelievable. The kickoff team caused the other team to turnover the ball and the return team returned the ball all the way for a touchdown, the first time all season. I was part of both of these teams and am proud to say it. It was a game that brought me pride and happiness. I can now say that this season was well worth the commitment because the reward was so magnificent. We were not simply a championship team but a family. Throughout the season we bonded to each other and moved each week toward a common goal. It felt so good inside to have reach each of our goals. I now look at the plaque on my wall and the championship football ring on my hand and words such as: pride, courage, commitment, sacrifice, and family come to mind. Bibliography none

Brazils Communication Essay Example for Free

Brazil’s Communication Essay Every country has unique, distinctive ways in which they interrelate and communicate with each other within their country. A country’s means of communication can be verbalized through verbal, non-verbal, and interpersonal communication channels. In the country of Brazil most people are not Hispanic but Latino, although many immigrant communities are from Europe, Africa, and Japan. The official language spoken in Brazil is Portuguese; however, Spanish, English, and French are other languages that are also spoken in Brazil. When greeting they expect a firm handshake with strong eye contact. When doing business in Brazil don’t be taken aback if they stand very close to you when speaking. Moving away may be interpreted as rejection. Brazil also uses many forms of non verbal communication. Much of this body language is comprised of culturally derived behaviors. When speaking to one another, it is not normal to take turns speaking. People will interrupt a conversation and will often speak at the same time as their peers. Another verbal communication pattern that Brazil practices is using first names when addressing a person. Also, one’s tone of voice is often high pitched when conversing with one another. Although daily conversation is conducted in a louder voice, it is not meant to express anger or hostility to anybody. In addition, verbal communication in Brazil is viewed as being theatrical and overly animated by other countries who are more reserved. In Brazil, physical appearance and surroundings are important and provide visual cues as to one’s status and tone of conversations. In many Latin countries, communication tends to be predominately oral rather than through written word. However, from the business aspect, when sending something in written format it is usually a good idea to follow up with a phone call or a visit in person. Over the last two decades, the telecom industry world over has grown and evolved at an incredible pace and has significantly changed the way people interact. Brazil Telecom offers long distance telecommunications services hrough some 8,034 million lines and 281,800 public telephones to customers in Brazil. Oi Telecom, formerly known as Telemar is the largest telecommunications company in Brazil, it was established in 2008 and has become the biggest company in Brazil on the Telecommunications sector. This company is present in 4600 cities in Brazil and it has influenced the price drop in the national level of the same services offered by competitors due to strength of its operations in the country. Brazil’s Communication. (2017, Jan 04).

Growing Importance of India For Investors (ie, India is the next Essay

Growing Importance of India For Investors (ie, India is the next China) - Essay Example The economic reforms introduced in early 1990s have boosted the economy’s growth. Tariff barriers were brought down. Foreign players could enter and thus the private firms had to compete with the best. Exports rose up. Indian firms are rapidly becoming global like Bharti Airtel has entered African market. Unlike China, India’s growth cannot be attributed to just the public sector. There are about 45m entrepreneurs in India. India’s informal sector is also doing well. Indian businesses majorly cater to the need of their domestic consumers and also export various services. Indian firms successfully satisfy the needs of money conscious customers in India who love low priced goods. Tata Filters for example manufactures a water filter that can provide safe drinking water at a meager charge of rupees 30 a month. Indian firms are coming up with new products as well as new business models. HCL technologies improve the IT system of their clients on the condition that they will charge only if their clients gain. Moon B. Shin of LG electronics sees immense opportunity in the Indian market. They are manufacturing low priced goods and goods suited to the liking of Indians. The infrastructure in India is poor. Roads are bad and traffic conditions do not depict a rosy picture either. Power shortage is another problem. McKinsey predicts that Indian growth will be five fold in the next 20 years. India will have to spend $1.2trillion on infrastructure in future. India lacks in skilled workforce. There are only 16 Indian Institute of technology in India. Universities do not impart useful knowledge and companies have to spend a lot for their training. India’s adult literacy rate is 66% compared to 99% of China. Corruption exists everywhere. Instability in the form of Naxalite movement is affecting mining and logging firms. Populism whereby politicians discourage businesses for their own interests is a major obstruction to growth. The government is making

Distance Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Distance Education - Research Paper Example It is therefore a vital concept that serves the interest of the people of all categories, both full time and part time students, who may also be engaged in other aspects of life such as working, or even domestic responsibilities, thus they may not be able to attend to a classroom setting. The change in the social, economic and technological conditions have brought about the need for educational advancement, considering that the more the society advances in the technological, social and economic spheres, the higher the demand for educational attainment and advancement. Therefore, the concept â€Å"is emerging as an increasingly important component of higher education† (Bradford, 1999). It has opened an opportunity that can be exploited by those who have always had the desire to advance their education, but were limited by the traditional concept of attending classrooms. This opportunity is even more crucial to the disabled people, who are well served through Distance Education, as opposed to attending physical classrooms, which proves a great challenge for them (Barnard-Brak, Paton, & Sulak, n.d.). Additionally, Distance Education has made it possible for â€Å"Adults who work full time, family people, and people from remote countries all over the world† to access education, while they â€Å"would otherwise never even dream of it† (Bozorgmanesh, 2011). Despite all these benefits as provided by Distance Education, there are numerous challenges that are associated with this modern concept. Therefore, this discussion seeks to critically assess the concept of Distance Education, with a focus on advancing the argument that Distance Education is not an effective mode of Education acquisition. Discussion First, the mode of offering instructions highly determines how effective learning will be for students. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that technology, the means through which Distance Education is offered, can replace the instructional offering made by the teachers in a classroom setting. For example, the stakeholders and the teachers of Eagle County, CO, school district opposed â€Å"replacing face-to-face instructors with a digital option they argued would not be as rich or as meaningful† (Quillen, 2012). It is easier for teachers issuing direct instructions to the students, to assess whether students are clearly understanding the instructions given, since the absorption of instructions is not only assessable through the performance of a student in a test, but also through the observable behavior of such a student. While learning in a classroom setting offers an opportunity for the teacher to assess how well the students have internalized the instructions, the concept of Distance Education does not provide such a valuable opportunity, since the instructional offering through Distance Education is limited to online communications and conversations, which are not as effective and convenient as face-to-face instructi ons (Bradford, 1999). Distance Education could be beneficial due to its budget efficiency possibilities, where an institution can effectively reduce the number of staff and still reach the same number of students as would happen with a large number of teachers in a classroom setting (Mayadas, Bourne, & Bacsich, 2009). However, the issue is that the quality of the education obtained by the large number of studen

Memo on Immigration paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Memo on Immigration paper - Assignment Example 2. The inflated costs of travel is not just a national issue, it is a global issue. The costs of increased security at our borders is only one of the costs. The war overseas, oil prices and the world’s economic market all affect costs. Most countries are in the throes of a deep recession. Planning ahead is one way of controlling costs. 3. The term Homeland Security is a broad term for what our national security is comprised of nationally. We already have several agencies at the State, Federal and local levels assisting us with our immigration issues. The Office of the Secretary is over Homeland Security. 4. Anyone that wishes to enter the United States will continue to be thoroughly screened, have background checks and their activity flagged. As far as costs, as the level of criminals and terrorists entering our borders decrease, so too will out costs. As with anything else over a long period we will see an

Foreign Direct Investment Determinants Economics Essay

Foreign Direct Investment Determinants Economics Essay This paper provides a research proposal investigating the question of determinants of FDI in the ASEAN and the SAARC. significant relationships and differentials between potential Macro-economic, country specific and Transnational company specific determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in the ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam and Thailand) and select SAARC countries (Sri Lanka and India) using data sets from 1990-2011 are identified. The paper ascertained all objectives of the study and conducted a literature review where 32 variables and 32 hypotheses were identified to test the research question. The proposal was critically centred on research design and research method but also the research conducted time frames, weaknesses and bibliographic references which are to be proposed for future research in to the authors research topic. Finding of the study are to be conducted as per the time frame. Furthermore the Author provides definitions of all varia bles in the annexure 2. Or Abstract This study aims at analyzing the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows for a group of European regions. The originality of this approach lies in the use of disaggregated regional data. First, we develop a qualitative description of our database and discuss the importance of the macroeconomic determinants in attracting FDI. Then, we provide an econometric exercise to identify the potential determinants of FDI inflows. In spite of choosing regions presenting economic similarities, we show that regional FDI inflows rely on a combination of factors that differs from one region to another. Design/Methodology/Approach A mixed method approach to research is conducted gathering secondary data from the World Bank Statistics, International Financial Statistics (IFS) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Global Market Information Database (GMID). Global Market Information Database (GMID), the database of Department of Statistics for each country (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and Philippines) and the Bloomberg database. Central bank annual reports of all countries. Furthermore primary data analysis will be conducted post testing where interviews with specialists in the field of Finance and economics will help make meaning to the results. The paper proposes to use a multiple regression analysis method where robustness of results and hypothesis are proven/disproven using ANOVA, Correlations and Model significance. This data will be tested using various statistical packages such as SPPS and visually will be shown to the reader via MS project. Then based on the variables ascertained from literature the hypothesis will be proven or disproven. Furthermore to stimulate the interest of the reader the data will be displayed as much as possible in the research report stage using graphical software such as MS project, Microsoft visio, Mind Mapping software and Matlab. Findings: The following paper is a research proposal and no findings have been ascertained. Research limitations and implications: Certain variables lacked time series data and may prove to have some level of significance on FDI. Certain countries did not have the required data to test Hypothesis. Practical Implications: The finding will be a guideline so that policy planners in emerging markets can use prior to making any type of investment decision related to the markets concerned. Also the paper after the finding will have section on the lessons learnt for each country or region in terms of FDI and it will be catalyst paper for future research and academia. Originality/value The paper extends and expands the knowledge of international capital flows and provides a more nuanced understanding of the importance of internal market dynamism in attracting FDI in the ASEAN and SAARC. Paper type: Research Chapter 1: Introduction 1.0 Background One of the remarkable features of globalization in the 1990s was the flow of private capital in the form of foreign direct investment. FDI is an important source of development financing, and contributes to productivity gains by providing new investment, better technology, management expertise and export markets (Sahoor, 2004). Domestic investment still accounts for the majority of the total investment in developing economies. Foreign investment can only complement this. However, each form of foreign investment plays a distinct and important role in promoting growth and sustainable development, boosting countries competitiveness, generating employment, and reducing social and income disparities. Non-FDI flows may work either in association with FDI, or separately from it. As no single type of flow alone can meet investment needs, it is vital to leverage their combinations to maximize their development impact (UNCTRAD, 2011) Foreign investors are also expected to transfer intangible a ssets such as technology and managerial skills to the host country and provide a source of new technologies, processors, products, organizational technologies and management skills as a strong impetus to economic development (Dr Catherine S.F. et .al, 2011) As per the Ernst young report six factors will shape our world including, Emerging markets increase their global power, Cleantech becomes a competitive advantage, Global banking seeks recovery through transformation, Governments enhance ties with the private sector, Rapid technology innovation creates a smart, mobile world and Demographic shifts transform the global workforce. If we Identify the key emerging markets globally as per a study conducted by Ernst and Young suggests Estimates show that 70% of world growth over the next few years will come from emerging markets, with China and India accounting for 40% of that growth. Adjusted for variations in purchasing power parity, the ascent of emerging markets is even more impressive: the International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasts that the total GDP of emerging markets could overtake that of the developed economies as early as 2014 also other emerging markets were identified such as . The emerging markets already attract almost 50% o f foreign direct investment (FDI) global inflows and account for 25% of FDI outflows. In fact the largest The brightest spots for FDI continue to be Africa, the Middle East, and Brazil, Russia, India and China (the BRICs), with Asian markets(Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) of particular interest at the moment. By 2020, the BRICs are expected to account for nearly 50% of all global GDP growth (Ernst Young,2011). In fact from the top 20 FDI inflow host countries as depicted in figure 3 China, Hong Kong, Singapore, India and Indonesia are among the top recipients in the world. In fact as per the UNCTADs World Investment Prospectus Survey(WIPS) confirms that developing and transition economies are becoming important investors, and this trend Is likely to continue in the near future (UNCTAD, 2011) Therefore Securing a strong base in these countries will be critical for investors seeking growth beyond them (Ernst Young, 2011). As depicted below in figure 2 shows the FDI inflows both global and group of economies, and it is estimated that in 2014 share of GDP growth in developing countries will surpass that of developed cuntries as shows bellow in figure 2, furthermore as Krugell, 2009 Suggets The spatial distribution of FDI depends firstly on interregional differences in factor and resource endowments. When foreign firms can choose between different regions, cities or towns, they locate in favourably endowed places. Investors also prefer to locate where other firms cluster together. Agglomeration creates a large local market and ensures diverse intermediate inputs and a thick labour market. This generates positive externalities which reduce costs and increase competitiveness and hence attracts investors. . Figure 1 : Top 20, Host recipients of FDI (Source: UNCTAD, based on annex table I.1 and the FDI/TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics). a Ranked on the basis of the magnitude of 2010 FDI inflows. Note: The number in bracket after the name of the country refers to the ranking in 2009. British Virgin Islands, which ranked 12th in 2010, is excluded from the list) Figure 2: World GDP forecast (World Economic Outlook, Business Source Monitor, 2010) To secure strong base as advised by Ernst Young for investors require an understanding on the history, policy, trends, important lessons learnt from a global context with an emphasis in the South, East and South East Asian regions to understand its investment environment prior to understanding FDI determinants, which will be covered in section 1 of the report. Then the essay will conduct a literature review looking at various benchmark indices that measure FDI performance together with other literature which will help in understanding the location or regional FDI determinant factors at a country specific and regional level. Then the determinants will be tested by model creation for its significance by using data from a variety of reputed sources and testing panel data using OLS regression and a unit root equation using panel data from 1xxx-2010. Then the findings will be done both for a country specific angle and at a regional level. Then a TOPSIS analysis will be conducted to see i f FDI promotes competitiveness. Then the findings will be interpreted and finally the dissertation will be concluded with some considerations for investors/Policy Makers. 1.0.1 History, policy, Trends and Lessons learnt through Global FDI and FDI in the ASEAN and SAARC 1.0.1.1 Global trends and directions in FDI As stimulus packages and other public fiscal policies fade, sustained economic development fade, sustained economic recovery becomes more dependent on private investment, at present Trans National Corporations (TNC) have taken a customary role as private investors (UNCTRAD, 2011). Global FDI rose to $ 1.24 Billion in 2010 from $1.185 Billion, but were 15% below pre-crisis averages. This in contrast global industrial output and trade, which were back to pre-crisis levels. UNCTAD estimates that Global FDI, will recover to pre-crisis level in 2011, increasingly to $1.4 Trillion-1.6 Trillion, approaching its 2007 peak(as per UNCTAD econometric model), this is baring any global economic shocks, that may arise due to a number of risk factors (UNCTRAD, 2011) risk factors especially for TNCs have become critical as unpredictability of global economic governance, possible widespread sovereign debt crisis, fiscal financial sector imbalances, rising inflation, apparent signs of overheating cer tain economies; might derail global FDI. Therefore investors have changed there preferences as the global FDI trends depict below: Developing (including ASEAN and SAARC) and transition economies contributed more than half(52%) of Global FDI flows while its outward flows were also the highest, while intra-regional flows of FDI between developing countries plus TNC were also high. Figure 3 depicts the transition of FDI flows over 3 decades from developed to developing and transition economies (UNCTRAD, 2011). TNC are actively in those countries due to its cost effectiveness and to remain competitive in the global production networks and also since the consumption patterns in the world are shifting (UNCTAD, 2011). 52% to developed and transition countries figure 3: World FDI inflows, global and by group of economies(Source: UNCTAD, based on annex table I.1 and the FDI/TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics) In the South, East and South East Asia inflows rose in the region by 24% in 2010, reaching $300 Bn, as a result of economic growth, good macro-economic fundamentals and higher commodity prices spurred FDI, figure 4 depicts FDI inflows to the developing economies in the region and it is clear that most FDI flows are flowing to South, East and South East Asia. Figure 4: FDi inflows to developing and transition economies, by region, average of 2005-2007 and 2008 to 2010 (Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics). International production expansion in foreign sales, assets and employment TNCs account for 1/10 of global GDP and 1/3 of world exports. TNC contribute largely as global presence sustains price advantage, cost effectiveness and make them remain competitive with global production networks. Furthermore state owned TNCs account(650 in number) with its affiliate network (8500 in number), their outward investments account for 11% of global FDI flows. Therefore the governance of state owned TNCs have raised concerns of late, the level playing field, national security, regulatory implications for international expansion becomes important for these companies. Understanding their incentives for capital flows is important to understand FDI flows. In 2010, 70% projects(Cross border merger and acquisition (MA) and Greenfield FDI projects) from these were invested in these regions. Mainly FDIs were inherited by BRIC countries in which China and India have gained ground In recent years following rapid economic development in home countries, abundant financial resources are strong motivations to acquire resources and strategic assets abroad. Infact Chinese and Indian companies saw large capital investment beyond their own regions. In fact in 2010, there were seven mega deals(12% of the total inward FDI came from these deals as shown below in table 1 in appendix 2 of this report were done by Chinese companies mainly to the Latin American Region. TNC ROI on FDI is approximately 7.3%, where leverage has shown decline, as proxy by outward FDI stock over foreign assets. Sales over foreign affiliates increased by 9.1%, reflecting strong revenue in developing and transition economies, employment continued to expand, as efficiency seeking investments increased. A new recent development is that TNCs account for nearly 80% of global FDI and TNCs are in the developing world account for 70% of global FDI flows. Strong profits of TNCs in emerging markets were incentives for further investments. Infact 100 of the largest TNC companies of Anglo-American origins gained 93% of their profits from these economies, this includes high EBIT positions for Coca-Cola, Toyota Motor, Unilever, SABMiller, Nestle, Barrick gold, Holcim, British American Tobacco, Nissan Motor, BASF, Honda Motor and Bayer. Even state owned TNCs became important to global FDI contributing largely to global FDI inflows and outflows, the 15 largest state owned TNCs account for large chunk of global FDI. Geographically 56% of State owned TNCs are located in China (50), Malaysia (50) and India (20) are among some top participants. Among them include Volkvagen group, GDF suez, General Motors, CITI group, Tata steel to just name a few. If we consider FDI by sector wise classification, FDI towards manufacturing sector increased while services and primary sector saw declines. Within manufacturing business cycle sensitive industries such as metal and metal products, electronics and wood products saw declines while chemicals, food, beverages tobacco, textile, automobiles showed rapid increases in emerging economies. In fact manufacturing related FDI rose to 23% in 2009 to $554 Billion, this as seen made TNCs more receptive to restructuring in to more profitable and productive units FDI in the primary sector decreased in 2010 despite growing demand for raw materials and energy resources, and high commodity prices. FDI projects (including cross-border MA and Greenfield investments) amounted to $254 billion in 2010, raising the share of the primary sector to 22 per cent, up from 14 per cent in the pre-crisis period(UNCTAD, 2011). Natural resource-based companies with sound financial positions, mainly from developing and transition economies, made some large acquisitions in the primary sector. Examples include the purchase of Repsol (Brazil) by Chinas Sinopec Group for $7 billion, and the purchase of the Carabobo block in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela by a group of investors from India for $4.8 billion. The value of FDI projects in the services sector continued to decline sharply in 2010, with respect to both 2009 and the pre-crisis level of activity. All main service industries (business services, finance, transport and communications and utilities) fell, although at different speeds(UNCTAD, 2011). Business services declined by 8 per cent compared to the precrisis level, as TNCs are outsourcing a growing share of their business support functions to external providers, seeking to cut internal costs by externalizing non-core business activities Transportation and telecommunication services suffered equally in 2010 as the industrys restructuring is more or less completed after the round of large MA deals before the crisis particularly in developed countries (UNCTAD, 2011). Figure 5 depicts the breakdown of Sectoral distribution of FDI projects during the 2009-2010 period. Figure 5: Sectoral Distribution of FDI projects (Source: UNCTAD. a Comprises cross-border MAs and Greenfield investments. The latter refers to the estimated amounts of capital investment.) In terms of mode of entry Greenfield investment has become much larger that cross-border M A, however TNCs. Recovery of FDI flows in 2011 reliant on the rise of both Greenfield and MA. as depicted in figure 6 MA and Greenfield projects have increased by 36% to $ 339 Bn as a result of higher stock prices increased the purchasing power of investors to invest abroad, the higher the values of corporate assets in 2010 raised the leverage of investors to undertake MA by using shares in part payment. At the same time the ongoing corporate and industrial restructuring is creating new oppertunies for for cash rich TNCs including those from emerging markets. However the total project value of Greenfield Investments over MA is not surprising as varying conditionality has tilted the favor towards Greenfield projects Figure 6: Greenfield Vs Mergers and Acquisitions (Source: UNCTAD, based on UNCTAD cross-border MA database and information from the Financial Times Ltd, FDI Markets (www.fDimarkets.com). Note: Data for value of Greenfield FDI projects refer to estimated amounts of capital investment. If we consider FDI by component; reinvested earnings grew fast, while equity capital investments and intra-company loans declined, cash reserves of foreign affiliates grew substantially. For example the profits to sales ratio of the United States SP 500 firms, Japanese Firms, Korean firms and developing country firms rose in 2010. However the rise in reinvested earning brought a decline in equity capital, intra-company loans declined as loans were paid back and capital was held for future investments. Given the fact the foreign affiliates hold large retained earnings on their balance sheet, repatriation to their parents become important role in determining the investment flows. Here government policymakers need to take steps. FDI flows in developing economies and transition economies should be treated with caution due to containing some short-term volatile flows, hot money, stabilization of capital flows represents an important challenge to many developing countries. As private foreign capital flows-portfolio investment, bank loans and FDI all contribute to development. But due to the nature of the crisis, official development assistance (ODA) is less prone to fluctuations and is as important to developing countries. But there effectiveness has been questioned on actual development. Private equity sponsored FDI has regained momentum, although it fell of its pre-crisis level. It is directed more towards developing and transition economies as secondary buyouts and smaller acquisitions. Sovereign Wealth Funds FDI declined substantially because of severely reduced investment from the Gulf region. However its long term potential as a source of investment remains. Poorest countries saw declines in FDI flows such as landlocked countries, small island developing countries or certain regions in south Asia. (UNCTRAD, 2011) Figure 5: FDI inflows by component (Source: UNCTAD, based on data from FDI/TNC database (www/unctad.org/fdistatistics). a Based on 106 countries that account for 85 per cent of total FDI inflows during the period 2007-2010. 1.0.1.2 Policy reform in terms of FDI and Macro-economic reform in East, South, South-East Asia The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and East/Southeast Asian countries have made rapid enhancement in their macroeconomic situations, investment, exports and employment over the decade of 1980s and 1990s through the use of large amounts of Foreign Direct Investment. Similarly private capital, which was long seen with concern and suspicion, is now regarded as source of investment and economic growth in South Asia. Like other developing countries, South Asian economies focus their investment incentives exclusively on foreign firms. Over the last twenty years, market reforms, trade liberalization and intense competition for FDI have led to reduced restrictions on foreign investment and expanded the scope for FDI in most sectors. However, the South Asian countries have been largely unsuccessful in attracting FDI. These countries, jointly and also individually, receive low FDI compared to PRC, Brazil, Singapore and other East/Southeast Asian countries. South Asia received the smallest FDI flows among developing Asian countries, accounting for around 3 percent of the total FDI inflows to developing countries in the region. All the countries in the South Asian region except India have received very little attention and negligible FDI inflows. South Asian policymakers realize that credible efforts for economic reforms in South Asia must involve an upgrading of technology, scale of production and linkages to an increasingly integrated globalise production system chiefly through the participation of Multi National Corporations (MNCs). South Asian countries have many advantages to offer to potential investors, including high and steady economic growth, single-digit inflation, vast domestic markets, a growing number of skilled personnel, an increasing entrepreneurial class and constantly improving financial systems, including expanding capital markets. On top of these advantages, South Asian countries have been designing policies and giving incentives to foreign direct inv estment in several ways (Sahoor, 2006) Till the late 1960s, most of the developing economies, including those of East Asia, adopted closed macroeconomic policies with import substitution industrialization policies, under which self-reliance and indigenous efforts were encouraged. At the same time, a dominant role was assigned to the state in the development process. These import substitution strategies, coupled with the large public sectors, resulted in rent seeking activities and uncompetitive production processes (Bhagawati and Srinivasan, 1975). Therefore, export-led industrialization and liberalization was advocated to make the production process efficient and competitive. Following the export-oriented growth argument (Bhagawati and Srinivasan, 1975 and Kruger, 1975), and the success of East Asian countries with higher exports and economic growth during the period from the early seventies to mid nineties, most of the South Asian countries started opening up their economies from the early eighties. The South Asian econ omies are currently enjoying the benefits of economic reforms, particularly reforms related to trade and investment. These countries undertook reform processes and opened up their economies after having experienced sluggish growth rates throughout the seventies and eighties (Sahoor, 2006 ). Please see appendix 1 for the types of reforms undertaken by SAARC countries. 1.0.1.3 Current trends in the ASEAN and SAARC * to understand the Policy, policy framework or related public institutions for FDI then foreign policy in terms of its automatic routes, government approval, FDI in attractive zones, repatriation of profit, labour regulations applicable to the South, East and South-East Asian Countries have been shown in appendix 1 of this report. à £Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ½Ãƒ §Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã…’à §Ã‚ £Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ ±Ãƒ ¬Ã…’†º à £Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ½Ãƒ §Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã…’à §Ã‚ £Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ ±Ãƒ ¬Ã…’†º Figure 6: Various Tables and Graphs (Source UNCTAD, 2011) In 2010, FDI inflows to South, East and South- East Asia increased by 24 per cent, to $300 billion (Figure A of Figure 6). inflows to the ASEAN countries more than doubled; those to China and Hong Kong (China) enjoyed double-digit growth; while those to India, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan Province of China showed decline (table B of figure 6). FDI to ASEAN increased to $79 billion in 2010 breaking 2007s previous record of $76 billion recorded at pre-crisis level times. The boost was driven by large magnitude of FDI inflows to Malaysia (537 per cent), Indonesia (173 per cent) and Singapore (153 per cent) (table A ; annex table I.1). Positive policy at country level fuelled good performance within region, and seem likely to continue to do so: in 2010, Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines liberalized more industries; Indonesia improved its FDI-related administrative procedures; and the Philippines strengthened the supportive services for public private partnerships. Singapore the global financial centre and a regional hub of TNC headquarters, has benefited greatly from increasing investment in developing Asia, this accounted for half of ASEANs FDI, recorded record FDI levels of $39 billion in 2010. Due to rising production costs in China, some ASEAN countries, such as Indonesia and Viet Nam, have gained ground as low-cost production locations, especially for low end manufacturing. FDI to East Asia rose to $188 billion, thanks to growing inflows to Hong Kong (China) (32 per cent) and China (11 per cent) (table A). Benefiting greatly from its close economic relationship with mainland China, Hong Kong (China) quickly recovered from the shock of the global financial crisis, and FDI inflows recorded a historic high of $69 billion in 2010. However, inflows to the other two newly industrializing economies, namely the Republic of Korea and Taiwan Province of China, declined by 8 per cent and 11 per cent, respectively. China continues to experience rising wages and production costs, so the widespread offshoring of low-cost manufacturing to that country has been slowing down and divestments are occurring from the coastal areas. Meanwhile China has seen structural transformation shifting FDI inflows towards high technology sectors and services. For instance, FDI in real estate alone accounted for more than 20 per cent of total inflows to China in 2010, and the share was almost 50 per cent in early 2011. Mirroring similar arrangements in some developed countries, China established a joint ministerial committee in 2011 to review the national security implications of certain foreign acquisitions. FDI to South Asia declined to $32 billion, reflecting a 31 per cent slide in inflows to India and a 14 percent drop in Pakistan, the two largest recipients of FDI in the subcontinent. In India, the setback in attracting FDI was partly due to macroeconomic concerns, such as a high current account deficit and inflation, as well as to delays in the approval of large FDI projects;10 these factors are hindering the Indian Governments efforts to boost investment, including the planned $1.5 trillion investment in infrastructure between 2007 and 2017. In contrast, inflows to Bangladesh increased by nearly 30 percent to $913 million; the country is becoming a major low-cost production location in South Asia. Cross-border MAs in the region declined by about 8 per cent to $32 billion in 2010. MAs in manufacturing rose slightly while they declined by 8 per cent in services. Within manufacturing, the value of deals surged in industries such as chemical products ($6.0 billion), motor vehicles ($4.2 billion) and metal products ($1.6 billion), but dropped in industries such as food and beverages ($2.9 billion) and electronics ($920 million) (table D). Greenfield investment remained stable in 2010, after a significant slowdown due to widespread divestments and project cancellations in 2009 (annex table I.8). FDI inflows to East Asia should continue to grow in the near future, and those to South Asia are likely to regain momentum. The competitiveness of South- East Asian countries in low-cost production will be strengthened, and further FDI increases can be expected. Prospects for inflows to the LDCs in the region are promising, thanks to intensified South-South economic cooperation, fortified by surging intraregional FDI. Indeed, countries in the region have made significant progress in their regional economic integration efforts (within Greater China, and between China and ASEAN, for example), which will translate into a more favourable investment climate for intraregional FDI flows. To get a closer picture of the emerging trends in terms of its industrial patterns please refer appendix 2 of this report. (UNCTAD, 2011) 1.2 Problem Statement However despite recent improvements FDI flows have declined in 2012, for the first time Developed nations and nations in transition received more FDI than there Asian counterparts during the recent period which has primarily been as a result of volatility in the markets. The capital surge is exposing developing countries to greater unstability, putting direct pressure on their exchange rate and the low interest rate environment will be hard sustain in the long term (UNCTRAD, 2011). While FDI recovery resumes unevenly, the world wide demand for private productive investment is increasing as public investment, which rescued the global economy from declines in FDI in one country after another. With unsustainable level of debt in many countries, with nervous capital markets, governments must now rein in their deficits and let private investment take over the lead role in generating and supporting recovery. Infact responses by TNCs indicate increasing awareness to invest, and clear priori ty in opportunistic areas but TNCs feel that increased protectionism coupled by regulatory risks have put a brake on capital expenditures. Infact many developed nations require private investment rather than public investment, but TNCs are reluctant to invest due to past FDI performance would seem to warrant(UNCTRAD, 2011). Taking in to consideration the volatility in the markets, TNC investments directed towards the right countries, sectors and the understanding of the current investment environment is pivotal. However current indicies are full of limitations and thus building an index to both understand the current investment environment and reduce the limitations in other indicies is the main problem trying to be solved by this report. 1.3 Objective This study aims to provide an investigation of the determinants significantly affecting FDI flows in to key emerging markets in in East, South and South East Asia. The investigation builds on previous research both from literature conference proceedings and focuses on a variety of determinants including the policy framework of FDI, economic determinants and FDI determinants in relation to business facilitation for FDI. This is a important consideration in the global context for investors. To construct the variables 3 sets of macroeconomic, country specific and transnational company specific determinants of FDI will be used. The empirical assessment will consider econometric models such as Improved Inward FDI Potent